Fig. 1. Identification of non-canonical bivalent genes in the male germline. (A) Enrichment of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 at H3K4me3 + /H3K27me3 − monovalent genes targeted by KMT2B in germline stem cells (GSCs) ( n =2 datasets per genotype, n =292 genes, TSS±3 kb). Effect of Kmt2b KO on ... More about this image found in Identification of non-canonical bivalent genes in the male germline. (A) E...

Fig. 2. RNA-seq analysis of protease-related genes in mouse tissues and testicular cells. (A) Heat map of proteases and related genes from ENCODE RNA-seq data for 30 mouse tissues for the analysis of spermatogenic proteases and protease inhibitors. Three independent datasets of adult testis were... More about this image found in RNA-seq analysis of protease-related genes in mouse tissues and testicular ...

Fig. 3. Wfdc15a depletion causes male infertility. (A) Scheme of the fertility test strategy and mean litter size per female mouse ( n =6-8 litters from two or three mice per group). For +/− and −/−, progenies derived from #1 and #2 mutants were used. Data are mean±s.e.m. P -values were calcu... More about this image found in Wfdc15a depletion causes male infertility. (A) Scheme of the fertility te...

Fig. 4. Induction of ectopic protease/inhibitors and inflammatory cascades in spermatids. (A) Schematic showing FACS purification of round spermatids for RNA-seq. (B) Volcano plot of significantly expressed genes in FACS-sorted round spermatids in KO ( n =2 mice per genotype). (C) Gene ontology ... More about this image found in Induction of ectopic protease/inhibitors and inflammatory cascades in sperm...

Fig. 5. Broad influence of Wfdc15a deficiency on testicular epithelium. (A) Enrichment of gene ontology terms of upregulated genes in the Wfdc15a − / − whole testis (log2FC >1, P -value <0.05, biological process) ( n =3 WT, 4 heterozygous and 6 KO mice). (B) Venn diagram showing over... More about this image found in Broad influence of Wfdc15a deficiency on testicular epithelium. (A) Enri...

Fig. 6. Role of an snc-bivalent gene Wfdc15a on spermatogenesis. (A) Graphical summary of this study showing an snc-bivalent gene in spermatogonia having KMT2B-dependent H3K4me3 and H3K9me3. Deposition of H3K4me3 may prevent DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the promoter re... More about this image found in Role of an snc-bivalent gene Wfdc15a on spermatogenesis. (A) Graphical s...

Fig. 1. Ectopic tip cell identity in Foxo1 CAiEC mice. (A) Tamoxifen administration to obtain endothelial cell-specific overexpression of Foxo1 . (B) Immunohistochemistry images of anti-FOXO1 (red), anti-CD31 (blue; endothelium) and anti-ERG (green, endothelial nuclei) immunohistochemistry o... More about this image found in Ectopic tip cell identity in Foxo1 CAiEC mice. (A) Tamoxifen administra...

Fig. 2. Increase in pericyte coverage and ectopic VSMCs in Foxo1 CAiEC retinal capillary. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of anti-NG2 (red; pericytes) and anti-Col IV (blue; vascular basement membrane) in the angiogenic front region of P6 wild-type and Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. Sc... More about this image found in Increase in pericyte coverage and ectopic VSMCs in Foxo1 CAiEC retinal c...

Fig. 3. Accumulation of TGFβ-producing macrophages in Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of Tgfb1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (red), anti-CD31 (gray) and anti-IBA1 (green) in P6 wild-type and Foxo1 CAiEC angiogenic front regions. Scale bars: 50 µm... More about this image found in Accumulation of TGFβ-producing macrophages in Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. (A) ...

Fig. 4. FOXO1 regulates SEMA3C expression in endothelial cells to attract macrophages. (A) RT-PCR analysis of Sema3a , Sema3b , Sema3c , Sema3d , Sema3e , Sema3f and Sema3g . RT, reverse transcription. (B) Quantitative PCR analysis of Sema3a , Sema3c , Sema3d and Sema3f in the empt... More about this image found in FOXO1 regulates SEMA3C expression in endothelial cells to attract macrophag...

Fig. 5. Expressions of Sema3c and its receptors, Nrp1 and Nrp2 , in wild-type and Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images of Sema3c fluorescence in situ hybridization (red) and anti-CD31 (blue) in P6 wild-type and Foxo1 CaiEC retinal angiogenic front reg... More about this image found in Expressions of Sema3c and its receptors, Nrp1 and Nrp2 , in wild-type ...

Fig. 6. In vivo SEMA3C neutralization inhibits excess pericyte-to-VSMC transition in Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. (A) Regime for intraperitoneal tamoxifen and intravitreal anti-SEMA3C neutralizing antibody (SEMA3C Ab) administrations to achieve endothelial cell-specific overexpression of Foxo1 an... More about this image found in In vivo SEMA3C neutralization inhibits excess pericyte-to-VSMC transition ...

Fig. 7. Macrophage reduction inhibits the excess VSMC phenotype in Foxo1 CAiEC retinas. (A) Regime for intraperitoneal administration of tamoxifen and Ki20227 (CSF1R inhibitor) to achieve endothelial cell-specific overexpression of Foxo1 and retinal macrophage depletion. (B) Representative ... More about this image found in Macrophage reduction inhibits the excess VSMC phenotype in Foxo1 CAiEC r...

Fig. 8. In vivo SEMA3C neutralization suppresses physiological arteriole VSMC supply in wild-type retinas. (A) Regime for intravitreal anti-SEMA3C neutralizing antibody (SEMA3C Ab) administration to achieve SEMA3C neutralization in the intraocular fluid. Control rat IgG and SEMA3C Ab were inje... More about this image found in In vivo SEMA3C neutralization suppresses physiological arteriole VSMC supp...