...Alexis R. Lanza; Elaine C. Seaver ABSTRACT The TGF-β superfamily comprises two distinct branches: the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways. During development, signaling by this superfamily regulates a variety of embryological processes, and it has a conserved role in patterning the dorsal-ventral body...

... with transgene-encoded or chemical inhibitors reveals that re-epithelializing keratinocytes repopulate wounds by TGF-β- and integrin-dependent lamellipodial crawling at the leading edges of the epidermal tongue. In addition, re-epithelialization requires long-range epithelial rearrangements, involving radial...

... for this process remains incomplete. Here, we show that TGF-β-receptor signaling is required during gastrulation to pattern the anterior skeleton. To block TGF-β signaling, we used SB431542 (SB43), a specific inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor Alk4/5/7. Treatment with SB43 during gastrulation blocks anterior...

.... Bioinformatics analysis of the tendon transcriptome showed that the two most strongly modified signalling pathways were TGF-β and MAPK. TGF-β/SMAD2/3 gain- and loss-of-function experiments in mouse limb explants and mesenchymal stem cells showed that TGF-β signalling was sufficient and required via SMAD2/3...

...Nadine S. Jahchan; Douglas Wang; Mina J. Bissell; Kunxin Luo Mammary epithelial cells undergo structural and functional differentiation at late pregnancy and parturition to produce and secrete milk. Both TGF-β and prolactin pathways are crucial regulators of this process. However, how...

..., is still poorly understood. In Xenopus , members of the TGF-β family such as the nodal-related proteins and activin act as morphogens to induce mesoderm and endoderm. In an effort to understand the mechanisms and dynamics of morphogen gradient formation, we have used fluorescently labelled activin to study...

...Patrick Herr; Ganna Korniychuk; Yukiyo Yamamoto; Kristina Grubisic; Michael Oelgeschläger The TGF-β superfamily of secreted signalling molecules plays a pivotal role in the regulation of early embryogenesis, organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Here we report the identification of Xenopus N...

...Kevin Roarty; Rosa Serra Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an essential role in growth and patterning of the mammary gland, and alterations in its signaling have been shown to illicit biphasic effects on tumor progression and metastasis. We demonstrate in mice that TGF-β (Tgfβ) regulates...

...Vesna Todorovic; David Frendewey; David E. Gutstein; Yan Chen; Laina Freyer; Erin Finnegan; Fangyu Liu; Andrew Murphy; David Valenzuela; George Yancopoulos; Daniel B. Rifkin Latent TGF-β binding protein 1 (LTBP1) is a member of the LTBP/fibrillin family of extracellular proteins. Due to the usage...

...Louise Parker; Jeremy E. Ellis; Minh Q. Nguyen; Kavita Arora Axon guidance is regulated by intrinsic factors and extrinsic cues provided by other neurons, glia and target muscles. Dawdle (Daw), a divergent TGF-β superfamily ligand expressed in glia and mesoderm, is required for embryonic motoneuron...

... cycle quiescence in the germline stem cell population, in addition to prolonging lifespan. The inactivation of either protein causes aberrant germline proliferation during diapause-like `dauer' development, whereas the loss of AMPK uncouples developmental arrest from lifespan extension. Reduced TGF-β...

...Jianjun Wang; William A. Mohler; Cathy Savage-Dunn TGF-β signaling in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans plays multiple roles in the development of the animal. The Sma/Mab pathway controls body size, male tail sensory ray identity and spicule formation. Three Smad genes, sma-2 , sma-3 and sma-4...

... differentiation factor 11(GDF11), a member of the TGF-β ligand family, governs the number and maturation of islet progenitor cells in mouse pancreas development. Gdf11 is expressed in embryonic pancreatic epithelium during formation of islet progenitor cells that express neurogenin 3. Mice deficient for Gdf11...

...) lon-2(e678) + . *Author for correspondence (e-mail: RiddleD@missouri.edu ) 11 10 2001 © 2002. 2002 Cytochrome P450 Dauer formation Aging daf-9 daf-12 TGF-β Insulin C. elegans is a useful model for defining the signaling pathways that transduce...

...Nicole Dünker; Norbert Schuster; Kerstin Krieglstein Programmed cell death (PCD) is a key phenomenon in the regulation of cell number in multicellular organisms. We have shown that reduction of endogenous transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) prevents apoptotic PCD of neurons in the developing...

... © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Mesoderm induction Nodal Xnr Cerberus TGF-β Derrière Activin VegT β-catenin Vg1 Cer-S The amphibian embryo provides a much utilized model system to study the early phases of embryonic patterning. The pioneering work of Nieuwkoop, Slack...

... expressing kin-8::gfp , only ASI sensory neurons are known to express DAF-7 TGF-β, a key molecule preventing dauer larva formation. In the kin-8 deletion mutant, expression of daf-7::gfp in ASI was greatly reduced, dye-filling in ASI was specifically lost and ASI sensory processes did not completely extend...

...Ellen Filvaroff; Adrian Erlebacher; Jian-Qin Ye; Stephen E. Gitelman; Jeffrey Lotz; Moira Heillman; Rik Derynck ABSTRACT Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is abundant in bone matrix and has been shown to regulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. To explore the role...

... to environmental signals. While single P 0 /PMP22-positive progenitor cells can generate smooth muscle in response to factors of the TGF-β family, communities of P 0 /PMP22-positive cells interpret TGF-β factors differently and produce neurons or undergo increased cell death instead of generating smooth-muscle...

...Marie-José Goumans; An Zwijsen; Marga A. van Rooijen; Danny Huylebroeck; Bernard A. J. Roelen; Christine L. Mummery We have analysed the function of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in yolk sac development in mice by generating somatic chimaeras in which the extraembryonic mesoderm, which gives...