... that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits G αq and G α11 (G αq/11 ) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate...

... epithelial migration driven by pulsatile actomyosin contractility. Palate Collective cell migration Apoptosis Cell extrusion Tgfβ Cleft palate Cleft lip Craniofacial Live imaging Fusion Actomyosin Cell adhesion Non-muscle myosin II NMIIA Mouse National Institute of Dental...

... is that the neonatal kidney has the capacity to control interstitial cell proliferation when the target number has been reached. In this study, we define the consequences of inactivating the TGFβ/Smad response in the mouse interstitial cell lineage. We find that pathway inactivation through loss of Smad4 leads...

...Shunji Jia; Anming Meng ABSTRACT The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling family is evolutionarily conserved in metazoans. The signal transduction mechanisms of TGFβ family members have been expansively investigated and are well understood. During development and homeostasis, numerous TGFβ...

...Émilie Lamarche; Hamood AlSudais; Rashida Rajgara; Dechen Fu; Saadeddine Omaiche; Nadine Wiper-Bergeron ABSTRACT SMAD2 is a transcription factor, the activity of which is regulated by members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. Although activation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 downstream...

... the chemokine receptor gene cxcr3.1 through a mechanism involving Tgfβ/pSmad3 signaling. Thus, Ccn2a positively modulates the innate regenerative response of the adult zebrafish heart. * Present address: Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany...

... C2C12 myoblasts and injured skeletal muscle revealed a significant dysregulation of EMT-related genes, and identified TGFβ as a key upstream regulator. Importantly, inhibition of TGFβR1 and its downstream effectors, and the EMT transcription factor Snai2, restored many aspects of myogenic...

.... Eye development Follistatin Pattern formation Pax6 Self-organisation TGFβ Positional cues that govern cell fate decisions in the embryo may arise at multiple organisational levels: cell intrinsically (e.g. asymmetric cell divisions), tissue intrinsically (e.g. reaction-diffusion...

..., possibly through rbpms2 , which is required for female fates, even in the absence of Dmrt1. Rbpms Sex-determination Bipotential Cyp19a1a Dmrt1 TGFβ Although sex determination is a common biological process crucial to reproduction and, thus, species survival in sexually reproducing...

... under the regulation of TGFβ and independently of mechanical stimuli from muscles. Whereas BMP2 regulates the growth of all examined sesamoids, the differentiation of lateral fabella or digit sesamoids is regulated redundantly by BMP4 and BMP2. Next, we show that whereas patella and digit sesamoids...

... indirectly to control stromal-nephrogenic crosstalk. Investigation of Smo -deficient mutants demonstrated that TGFβ2, a secreted factor expressed in the stroma, is expressed downstream of HH-SMO signaling. Evidence of signaling between Hedgehog and TGFβ is limited, but has been explored in other contexts...

...Jan L. Christian; Carl-Henrik Heldin The 10th FASEB meeting ‘The TGFβ Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease' took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in July 2017. As we review here, the findings presented at the meeting highlighted the important contributions of TGFβ family signaling to normal...

... factor beta (TGFβ) signalling is essential for VBW closure, but the responding cells are not known. Here, we identify in mouse a population of migratory myofibroblasts at the leading edge of the closing VBW that express the actin-binding protein transgelin (TAGLN) and TGFβ receptor (TGFβR). These cells...

...Maria Dolores Molina; Magali Quirin; Emmanuel Haillot; Felipe Jimenez; Aline Chessel; Thierry Lepage Dorsal-ventral axis formation in the sea urchin embryo relies on the asymmetrical expression of the TGFβ Nodal. The p38-MAPK pathway has been proposed to be essential for dorsal-ventral axis...

...-type keratinocytes into nipple-like epidermis. To identify candidate nipple-specific signaling factors, we compared gene expression signatures of sorted Pdgfrα-positive ventral K14-PTHrP and wild-type fibroblasts, identifying differentially expressed transcripts that are involved in WNT, HGF, TGFβ, IGF...

..., senescence depends on TGFβ but is independent of ERK/MAPK activation. Furthermore, elimination of senescent cells through temporary TGFβ inhibition leads to developmental defects. Our findings uncover conserved and new roles of senescence in vertebrate organogenesis and support the view that cellular...

... embedded within the quadriceps tendon. At the cellular level, we show that, similar to bone eminences, the patella is formed secondarily by a distinct pool of Sox9 - and Scx -positive progenitor cells. Finally, we show that TGFβ signaling is necessary for the specification of patella progenitors, whereas...

... in the transverse plane, allowing sufficient time for lumen growth via an osmotic process along the longitudinal dimension. The dynamics of lumen formation is controlled by the TGFβ pathway and ROCK activity. Our findings reveal a TGFβ-ROCK-actomyosin contractility axis that coordinates lumen growth, which...

...William T. Chiu; Rebekah Charney Le; Ira L. Blitz; Margaret B. Fish; Yi Li; Jacob Biesinger; Xiaohui Xie; Ken W. Y. Cho Nodal/TGFβ signaling regulates diverse biological responses. By combining RNA-seq on Foxh1 and Nodal signaling loss-of-function embryos with ChIP-seq of Foxh1 and Smad2/3, we...

... that integrin αVβ8 activates angiosuppressive TGFβ gradients in the brain, which inhibit endothelial cell sprouting. Loss of αVβ8 in the brain or downstream TGFβ1-TGFBR2-ALK5-Smad3 signaling in endothelial cells increases vascular sprouting, branching and proliferation, leading to vascular dysplasia...