... brain. While experience elicited transcriptomic changes in all cell types, excitatory neurons in layer 2/3 exhibited the most robust changes, and the sensory-induced genes in these cells are poised to strengthen synapse-to-nucleus crosstalk and to promote cell-type-specific axon guidance pathways...

...Alison T. DePew; Joseph J. Bruckner; Kate M. O'Connor-Giles; Timothy J. Mosca ABSTRACT Synaptic development requires multiple signaling pathways to ensure successful connections. Transmembrane receptors are optimally positioned to connect the synapse and the rest of the neuron, often acting...

..., highlighting temporal and spatial heterogeneity in their interactions with neuronal and non-neuronal cells to support brain development and regeneration. Microglia Brain development Heterogeneity Neurons Synapse Oligodendrocytes National Cancer Institute http://dx.doi.org/10.13039...

... synapse. Here, we tested whether these RNA-binding proteins act jointly in a common mechanism. We found that both dfmr1 and staufen mutants, and trans-heterozygous double mutants, displayed increased synaptic bouton formation and GluRIIA accumulation. With cell-targeted RNA interference, we showed...

... of the master astrocytic gene Nfia . Moreover, PHF8 regulates key synaptic genes in astrocytes by maintaining low levels of H4K20me3. Accordingly, astrocytic-PHF8 depletion has a striking effect on neuronal synapse formation and maturation in vitro . These data reveal that PHF8 is crucial in astrocyte...

...Sarah Perry; Pragya Goel; Nancy L. Tran; Cristian Pinales; Christopher Buser; Daniel L. Miller; Barry Ganetzky; Dion Dickman ABSTRACT Synapses exhibit an astonishing degree of adaptive plasticity in healthy and disease states. We have investigated whether synapses also adjust to life stages imposed...

... of myostatin and GDF11, regulates not only body weight and muscle size, but also inhibits neuromuscular synapse strength and composition in a Smad2-dependent manner. Both myostatin and GDF11 affected synapse formation in isolated rat cortical neuron cultures, suggesting an effect on synaptogenesis beyond...

..., cell migration, neuronal polarization and synapse formation. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2017 Summary...

... X syndrome Critical period Dendrite Synapse Channelrhodopsin Halorhodopsin Mushroom body Drosophila Fmr1 Activity-dependent remodeling of neural connectivity is a hallmark of late critical period brain development ( Doll and Broadie, 2014 ). Following early overproduction...

...Carlos M. Loya; Elizabeth M. McNeill; Hong Bao; Bing Zhang; David Van Vactor MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play important roles in nervous system development and physiology. However, our understanding of the strategies by which miRNAs control synapse...

... understood. Here, we report the function of a nuclear pre-mRNA 3′-end processing pathway in synapse and axon formation in C. elegans. In a genetic enhancer screen for synaptogenesis mutants, we identified a novel polyproline-rich protein, Synaptic defective enhancer-1 (SYDN-1). Loss of function of sydn-1...

... innervate M12 (MN12s) formed smaller synapses on M12 and instead appeared to form ectopic nerve endings on M13. Conversely, ectopic expression of Toll in M12 inhibited synapse formation by MN12s. These results suggest that Toll functions in M13 to prevent synapse formation by MN12s. We identified Tey...

... of their synapses and cell bodies in late pupal and adult animals. In this model, synapse loss is caused by reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, not energy depletion, as ATP levels are normal in mutant photoreceptors, and both pharmacological and targeted genetic manipulations that reduce ROS levels prevent...

... the development of neuronal connectivity by influencing presynaptic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Increasing BDNF levels in the optic tectum of Xenopus tadpoles significantly increases both axon arborization and synapse density per axon terminal within a few hours of treatment. Here, we have further explored...

...Marco Leu; Elena Bellmunt; Martin Schwander; Isabel Fariñas; Hans Rudolf Brenner; Ulrich Müller Neuregulins and their Erbb receptors have been implicated in neuromuscular synapse formation by regulating gene expression in subsynaptic nuclei. To analyze the function of Erbb2 in this process, we...

... a diverse array of cell types. *Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] ) 26 9 2001 © 2001. 2001 Synapse Postsynaptic density Apical membrane Membrane morphogenesis Drosophila The creation of specialized membrane...

... to localize in the surrounding region of the active zone, defining the periactive zone in Drosophila neuromuscular synapses. βPS integrin and discs large (DLG), both involved in synaptic development, also decorated the zone. However, shibire (SHI), the Drosophila dynamin that regulates endocytosis, was found...

.... In the larval and adult brain, Acj6 is highly expressed in central brain, optic and antennal lobe neurons. Loss of Acj6 function in larval optic lobe neurons results in disorganized retinal axon targeting and synapse selection. Furthermore, the lamina neurons themselves exhibit disorganized synaptic arbors...

... at endplates. These results demonstrate an early axonal presence of neuregulin and its transmembrane precursor at developing synapses and a role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in regulating the temporal and spatial sites of soluble neuregulin accumulation during development. Fig. 6. Matrix-bound NRG...

... of pupal formation, a period when a number of dendrite and axon growth cones meet to form synapses. These findings indicate that hig protein functions in the formation of functional neural circuits from the early stages of synapse formation. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]...