... evaporation, and the room temperature was controlled to 16°C. Embryos could routinely be maintained for 6-8 h. Movies were prepared using ImageJ (1.51 h) and rendered to MP4 format in Adobe Photoshop CS6. Gametes were collected from Strongylocentrotus   purpuratus induced to spawn by shaking. Sperm...

... networks Dkk3 sFRP1/5 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus The embryonic anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) territory of deuterostomes develops into a variety of neurosensory organs, from the simple apical tuft of sea urchin embryos to the complex vertebrate forebrain and eye field. Although...

... Neural specification SoxC SoxB2 Brn1/2/4 ELAV FGF Neural progenitors Neural precursors Deuterostomes Evolution Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Diverse developmental mechanisms mediate the specification and differentiation of metazoan nervous systems. There are similarities suggesting...

... Summary: Molecular screens and knockdown studies reveal that SoxC and Brn1/2/4 function sequentially during neurogenesis in sea urchin embryos and are required for the differentiation of all neurons. Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Neurogenesis Embryogenesis SoxC Brn1/2/4 Six3...

... Primary mesenchyme cell Cell patterning Cell migration Filopodia Alx1 Pmar1 Snail VegfR Vegf signaling Strongylocentrotus purpuratus MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that regulate a myriad of biological processes, including cell fate specification, cell proliferation...

.... , Dechtiaruk A. M. , Ettensohn C. A. ( 2002 ). Identification and developmental expression of new biomineralization proteins in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus . Dev. Genes Evol. 212 , 419 – 431 . Ingersoll E. P. , Wilt F. H. ( 1998 ). Matrix metalloproteinase...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 FoxY Hedgehog Notch Coelomic pouch Left/right asymmetry Multipotency Strongylocentrotus purpuratus The ability of certain cells to resist differentiation is an important feature of animal development. Most notably, sexually reproducing...

... for correspondence ( mamiko_yajima@brown.edu ; rhet@brown.edu ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 28 7 2012 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2012 Vasa PGC Germ line Cadherin Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...

... interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 10 7 2012 © 2012. Sea urchin Insulator ISWI Embryogenesis Gene regulation Strongylocentrotus purpuratus The regulation of chromatin structure is a major mechanism of differential gene...

.... These subsequent interactions between Wnt and Nodal signaling are thus mutually antagonistic, each limiting the range of the other’s activity, in order to maintain and stabilize the body plan initially established by those same signaling pathways in the early embryo. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Wnt1...

...Alison G. Cole; Francesca Rizzo; Pedro Martinez; Montserrat Fernandez-Serra; Maria I. Arnone We report the characterization of the ortholog of the Xenopus XlHbox8 ParaHox gene from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, SpLox . It is expressed during embryogenesis, first appearing at late...

...Maria I. Arnone; Ellen L. Martin; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT CyIIa , a cytoskeletal actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , is expressed specifically though transiently in the embryonic skeletogenic and secondary mesenchyme and, later in development, is permanently activated in the hindgut...

...James A. Coffman; Carmen V. Kirchhamer; Michael G. Harrington; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT The Cyllla actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is transcribed exclusively in the embryonic aboral ectoderm, under the control of 2.3 kb cis -regulatory domain that contains a proximal module...

...Carmen V. Kirchhamer; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT The CyIIIa cytoskeletal actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is expressed specifically in the aboral ectoderm. In earlier work we identified a 2.3 kb cis -regulatory region that is necessary and sufficient for correct spatial and temporal...

.... ( 1994 ). Genomic organization of a gene encoding the spicule matrix protein SM30 in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus . J. Biol. Chem . 269 , 20592 – 20598 . Anstrom , J. A. , Chin , J. E. , Leaf , D. S. , Parks , A. L. and Raff , R. A. ( 1987...

...R. Andrew Cameron; Scott E. Fraser; Roy J. Britten; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT This paper examines the cell lineage relationships and cell fates in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus leading to the various cell types derived from the definitive vegetal plate territory or the veg...

...Eric H. Davidson Embryonic processes in the nematode C. elegans , the gastropod mollusc Ilyanassa , the dipteran Drosophila , the echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , the ascidian Ciona , the anuran Xenopus , the teleost Brachydanio and mouse are compared with respect to a series of parameters...

...R. Andrew Cameron; Scott E. Fraser; Roy J. Britten; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT Several lines of evidence suggest that the oral–aboral axis in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos is specified at or before the 8-cell stage. Were the oral-aboral axis specified independently of the first cleavage...