.... Gametes were collected from Strongylocentrotus   purpuratus induced to spawn by shaking. Sperm was diluted 1:1000 in seawater prior to fertilization, and embryos were grown at 12-14°C. Staging follows Foltz et al. (2004) . Eggs were prepared for microinjection as described previously ( Krupke et al...

... neuroectoderm patterning. Neuroectoderm patterning Wnt signal transduction Anterior-posterior Deuterostome evolution Gene regulatory networks Dkk3 sFRP1/5 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus The embryonic anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) territory of deuterostomes develops into a variety...

... but is distinct from that seen in other ambulacraria, highlighting that deuterostomes employ diverse neurogenic mechanisms. Neurogenesis Neural specification SoxC SoxB2 Brn1/2/4 ELAV FGF Neural progenitors Neural precursors Deuterostomes Evolution Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Diverse...

... that SoxC and Brn1/2/4 function sequentially during neurogenesis in sea urchin embryos and are required for the differentiation of all neurons. Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Neurogenesis Embryogenesis SoxC Brn1/2/4 Six3 At the end of embryogenesis the nervous system...

... Primary mesenchyme cell Cell patterning Cell migration Filopodia Alx1 Pmar1 Snail VegfR Vegf signaling Strongylocentrotus purpuratus MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that regulate a myriad of biological processes, including cell fate specification, cell proliferation...

... 2014 Gene regulatory network Morphogenesis Skeleton Biomineralization Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Primary mesenchyme cells The progressive changes in form that characterize embryogenesis are encoded in the genome. The properties of cells that drive...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 FoxY Hedgehog Notch Coelomic pouch Left/right asymmetry Multipotency Strongylocentrotus purpuratus The ability of certain cells to resist differentiation is an important feature of animal development. Most notably, sexually reproducing...

... Germ line Cadherin Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Germ line specification is essential for an organism to produce offspring. Despite its importance in species propagation, the process appears highly variable among organisms even within the same phylum, and probably maximizes...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ; [email protected] ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 10 7 2012 © 2012. Sea urchin Insulator ISWI Embryogenesis Gene regulation Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...

[email protected] ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 29 2 2012 © 2012. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Wnt1 Embryonic axes Nodal Sea urchin The three-dimensional coordinate system of early bilaterian embryos depends...

...Alison G. Cole; Francesca Rizzo; Pedro Martinez; Montserrat Fernandez-Serra; Maria I. Arnone We report the characterization of the ortholog of the Xenopus XlHbox8 ParaHox gene from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, SpLox . It is expressed during embryogenesis, first appearing at late...

...Maria I. Arnone; Ellen L. Martin; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT CyIIa , a cytoskeletal actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , is expressed specifically though transiently in the embryonic skeletogenic and secondary mesenchyme and, later in development, is permanently activated in the hindgut...

...James A. Coffman; Carmen V. Kirchhamer; Michael G. Harrington; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT The Cyllla actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is transcribed exclusively in the embryonic aboral ectoderm, under the control of 2.3 kb cis -regulatory domain that contains a proximal module...

...Carmen V. Kirchhamer; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT The CyIIIa cytoskeletal actin gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is expressed specifically in the aboral ectoderm. In earlier work we identified a 2.3 kb cis -regulatory region that is necessary and sufficient for correct spatial and temporal...

... ( Fischer and Maniatis, 1988 ). * Present address: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan 21 02 1995 30 03 1995 © 1995 by Company of Biologists 1995 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus SM50 gene mutagenesis analysis gene regulation...

...R. Andrew Cameron; Scott E. Fraser; Roy J. Britten; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT This paper examines the cell lineage relationships and cell fates in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus leading to the various cell types derived from the definitive vegetal plate territory or the veg...

...Eric H. Davidson Embryonic processes in the nematode C. elegans , the gastropod mollusc Ilyanassa , the dipteran Drosophila , the echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , the ascidian Ciona , the anuran Xenopus , the teleost Brachydanio and mouse are compared with respect to a series of parameters...

...R. Andrew Cameron; Scott E. Fraser; Roy J. Britten; Eric H. Davidson ABSTRACT Several lines of evidence suggest that the oral–aboral axis in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos is specified at or before the 8-cell stage. Were the oral-aboral axis specified independently of the first cleavage...