...Oleksandr Kirsanov; Taylor Johnson; Taylor Malachowski; Bryan A. Niedenberger; Emma A. Gilbert; Debajit Bhowmick; P. Hande Ozdinler; Douglas A. Gray; Kelsey Fisher-Wellman; Brian P. Hermann; Christopher B. Geyer ABSTRACT In mammalian testes, premeiotic spermatogonia respond to retinoic acid...

... and progenitors. Here, using mouse models, we explored the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in regulation of the biological activities of this population. Proteins bound to polyadenylated RNAs in primary cultures of undifferentiated spermatogonia were captured with oligo (dT)-conjugated beads after UV...

... elevated kinase activity, which underlies these differentiation defects. Our results demonstrate that precise regulation of CDK2 kinase activity in male germ cell development is crucial for the gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition and long-term spermatogenic homeostasis. As an orthogonal assessment...

... as stem cells (self-renewal) or proliferate and differentiate to enter meiosis in response to retinoic acid (RA). Here, we sought to uncover elusive mechanisms regulating a key switch fundamental to spermatogonial fate: the capacity of spermatogonia to respond to RA. Using the developing mouse testis...

... to assign cells to distinct cell states in the developmental continuum. We defined the unique transcriptional programs underlying migratory capacity, resting cellular states and apoptosis regulation in transitional gonocytes. We also identified a subpopulation of primitive spermatogonia marked by CD87...

.... A. and Collas , P. ( 2008 ). A rapid micro chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (microChIP) . Nat. Protoc.   3 , 1032 - 1045 . 10.1038/nprot.2008.68 de Rooij , D. G. and Russell , L. D. ( 2000 ). All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask . J. Androl.   21 , 776...

... products. In addition to ICBs, spermatogonia exhibit multiple thin cytoplasmic projections. Here, we have explored the nature of these projections in mice and find that they are dynamic, span considerable distances from their cell body (≥25 μm), either terminate or physically connect multiple adjacent...

.... Despite this crucial role, the molecular signature, kinetic behavior and regulation of human spermatogonia are poorly understood. Using human testis biopsies with normal spermatogenesis and by studying marker protein expression, we have identified for the first time different subpopulations...

... Spermatogonia Spermatogonial stem cells Stem cells Spermatogenesis, the process that generates spermatozoa (mature male gametes), takes place in the wall of the seminiferous tubules and involves a multitude of sequential cell types ( Fig. 1 ). First, there are undifferentiated spermatogonia, among...

... the stem cell to the immediate progenitor state requires downregulation of Id4 coincident with a major change in the transcriptome. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the level of ID4 is predictive of stem cell or progenitor capacity in spermatogonia and dictates the interface of transition between...

..., the mechanisms that operate in mouse spermatogenesis are unknown because undifferentiated spermatogonia (A undiff ) are motile and intermingle with differentiating cells in an ‘open’ niche environment of seminiferous tubules. A undiff include glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (GFRα1...

... isoforms and presumably binds to DNA. Within the male germ cell lineage, BNC2 is restricted to prospermatogonia and undifferentiated spermatogonia. Fetal prospermatogonia that lack BNC2 multiply excessively on embryonic day (E)14.5 and reenter the cell cycle prematurely. Mutant prospermatogonia also engage...

.... ( 2000 ). All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask . J. Androl. 21 , 776 – 798 . Goriely A. , McVean G. A. , van Pelt A. M. , O’Rourke A. W. , Wall S. A. , de Rooij D. G. , Wilkie A. O. ( 2005 ). Gain-of-function amino acid...

... by detaching from the hub. Following starvation-induced GSC loss, GSC numbers are restored by symmetric renewals. Furthermore, upon more severe (genetically induced) GSC loss, both symmetric renewal and de-differentiation (where interconnected spermatogonia fragment into pairs while moving towards...

..., and the maturation process, from epiblast cells through PGCs to postnatal spermatogonia, can occur in the postnatal testicular environment. Primordial germ cell transplantation techniques will also provide a novel tool to assess the developmental potential of PGCs, such as those manipulated in vitro or recovered...

... cells alone, indicating that the feeder cells stimulate proliferation of spermatogonia. When cultured germ cells/sperm with the feeders were used for in vitro fertilization, normal embryos were obtained. Addition of the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into culture medium resulted...

...-2 functions as a death repressor, we have investigated the effect of misexpressing Bcl-2 in spermatogonia in transgenic mice using the human bcl-2 cDNA under the control of the human polypeptide chain elongation factor 1α ( EF-1 α) promoter. In the 2-week-old transgenic testes, exogenous Bcl-2...

... in PAS-haematoxylin-stained testicular sections, with the following results: in subfertile males there is a depletion of spermatogonia in the regenerating compartment but their differentiation is not affected. In the sterile males there is degeneration of primary and secondary spermatocytes and massive...