... possibilities to understand how boundary conditions that impose geometrical, mechanical and biochemical constraints pattern and shape the mammalian embryo. Morphogenesis Mechanobiology Self-organisation Embryogenesis Organoids Somitogenesis Neural tube Stem cells Gastruloids Stembryogenesis...

... for embryo anterior-posterior axis extension. Multi-tissue Morphogenesis Mechanics Somitogenesis Notochord Vacuolation Wellcome Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269 Royal Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288 109408/Z/15/Z Elongation of the embryo...

... is indispensable for the expression of early mesoderm markers and is, therefore, an obligatory factor in mesodermal competence and/or maintenance. Adhesion Mesoderm RARγ Retinoic acid signaling Somitogenesis Xenopus Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule present at discrete concentrations...

...Amanda Janesick; Weiyi Tang; Tuyen T. L. Nguyen; Bruce Blumberg During vertebrate somitogenesis, retinoic acid is known to establish the position of the determination wavefront, controlling where new somites are permitted to form along the anteroposterior body axis. Less is understood about how RAR...

... in the developing chick embryo by promoting CDH2 (N-cadherin) endocytosis. Somitogenesis Tissue morphogenesis Cell adhesion Cadherin Protocadherin Paraxial mesoderm Boundary formation Endocytosis Somitogenesis is an early developmental process whereby pairs of epithelial spheres, called somites...

... of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: The analysis of zebrafish quadruple Mesp mutants identifies conserved and species-specific mechanisms by which the temporal periodicity of the somitogenesis clock is interpreted. Somitogenesis Segmentation Boundary formation Mesp Zebrafish TALEN Basic...

...Dustin R. Williams; Emily T. Shifley; Kara M. Braunreiter; Susan E. Cole Vertebrate somitogenesis is regulated by a segmentation clock. Clock-linked genes exhibit cyclic expression, with a periodicity matching the rate of somite production. In mice, lunatic fringe ( Lfng ) expression oscillates...

... Spadetail Tbx16 Somitogenesis Vertebrates form an anterior-posterior axis through a process called posterior growth, in which a population of undifferentiated cells resides at the most posterior end of the embryo and gradually contributes cells to the trunk and tail during the somite-forming stages...

...Robert A. Bone; Charlotte S. L. Bailey; Guy Wiedermann; Zoltan Ferjentsik; Paul L. Appleton; Philip J. Murray; Miguel Maroto; J. Kim Dale During somitogenesis, epithelial somites form from the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM) in a periodic manner. This periodicity is regulated by a molecular oscillator...

... 4 6 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Body axis extension Somitogenesis Neurogenesis Ligand-induced repression Retinoic acid Raldh2 Fgf8 PRC2 RERE Vertebrate embryos develop in a head-to-tail fashion by extension of the body axis from...

... the trajectory of the cells ( supplementary material Fig. S8B and Movie 1). Although the alignment of the photo-converted cells ( supplementary material Fig. S8B , red cells) changed during somitogenesis, a proportion of the cells finally resided at the rostral end of the somite when five rounds of segmentation...

... from anterior to posterior, and the anterior somites form in a more rapid cycle than the posterior somites. However, how this anteroposterior (AP) difference in somitogenesis is generated and how it contributes to the vertebrate body plan remain unclear. Here, we show that the AP difference...

... interests. 26 8 2012 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2012 Tribolium Arthropods Blastoderm Insects Segmentation clock Somitogenesis Early in embryogenesis, the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of an arthropod embryo is established as a series of body...

... cells. During post-implantation development, the precise timing and mechanism of the loss of pluripotency is unknown. Here, we show that in the mouse, pluripotency is extinguished at the onset of somitogenesis, coincident with reduced expression and chromatin accessibility of Oct4 and Nanog regulatory...

... would be instructed by some independent form of positional information along the axis. In this scheme, segment number and identity would be affected by changes to the period of segmentation. The zebrafish hes6 mutant has a slower somitogenesis period and makes fewer longer segments in the same total...

... Somitogenesis Segmentation Evolution Cyclic genes Segmentation clock Microarray Chicken Zebrafish Mouse Notch Wnt FGF The periodic organization of the vertebrate body, which is most visible in the vertebrae, is established during embryogenesis. In vertebrates, a complex signaling pulse from...

.... , Saga Y. ( 2005 ). The Mesp2 transcription factor establishes segmental borders by suppressing Notch activity . Nature 435 , 354 - 359 . Morimoto M. , Kiso M. , Sasaki N. , Saga Y. ( 2006 ). Cooperative Mesp activity is required for normal somitogenesis along...

... Wnt Integrin Signalling Somitogenesis Chick Integrins are transmembrane proteins that are required for a variety of developmental processes, including cell adhesion, migration, gastrulation and morphogenesis, proliferation and signal transduction. Heterodimers of α and β...

... of Med12 hypomorphic mutants that have a drastic reduction in Med12 protein levels. These mutants fail to develop beyond embryonic day 10 and have severe defects in neural tube closure, axis elongation, somitogenesis and heart formation. We show that in Med12 hypomorphic embryos, the Wnt/planar cell...

...Masayuki Oginuma; Yu Takahashi; Satoshi Kitajima; Makoto Kiso; Jun Kanno; Akatsuki Kimura; Yumiko Saga Notch signaling exerts multiple roles during different steps of mouse somitogenesis. We have previously shown that segmental boundaries are formed at the interface of the Notch activity boundary...