...Miki Tokuoka; Kenji Kobayashi; Yutaka Satou ABSTRACT The transcriptional repressor Snail is required for proper differentiation of the tail muscle of ascidian tadpole larvae. Two muscle lineages (B5.1 and B6.4) contribute to the anterior tail muscle cells, and are consecutively separated from...

... to follow stem cell migration in planarians. We demonstrate the use of this system to study the molecular control of stem cell migration and show that snail-1 , snail-2 and zeb-1 EMT transcription factor homologs are necessary for cell migration to wound sites and for the establishment of migratory cell...

... the embryonic skeleton spicules. We identified that miR-31 directly represses Pmar1 , Alx1 , Snail and VegfR7 within the PMC gene regulatory network using reporter constructs. Further, blocking the miR-31-mediated repression of Alx1 and/or VegfR7 in the developing embryo resulted in defects in PMC patterning...

... and activated EMT (alx1, ets1, tbr) and the 10 TFs downstream of those (tel, erg, hex, tgif, snail, twist, foxn2/3, dri, foxb, foxo) were also required for EMT. No single TF functioned in all five sub-circuits, indicating that there is no EMT master regulator. Instead, the resulting sub-circuit topologies...

..., we examined two CRMs from the Drosophila snail gene locus, which are both active in the ventral region of pre-gastrulation embryos. By performing a deletion series in a ∼25 kb DNA rescue construct using BAC recombineering and site-directed transgenesis, we demonstrate that the two CRMs...

..., 2007 ). There are four zebrafish Snail genes, two of which have arisen through duplication of snai1 in the teleost lineage. snai1a and snai1b are expressed in the internalizing mesendoderm during gastrulation and are required for the migration of anterior mesendodermal cells towards the animal...

...Stephen A. Murray; Kathleen F. Oram; Thomas Gridley Palate development requires precise regulation of gene expression changes,morphogenetic movements and alterations in cell physiology. Defects in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common human birth defect. The Snail gene family...

... the invagination of the archenteron initially, in much the same way vertebrate mesenchyme enters the embryo along with endoderm. Here we identify a sea urchin ortholog of the Snail transcription factor, and focus on its roles regulating EMT during PMC ingression. Functional knockdown analyses of Snail in whole...

...Ann E. Vernon; Carole LaBonne The neural crest is a population of stem-cell-like precursors found only in vertebrates. Slug, a member of the Snail family of zincfinger transcriptional repressors, is a critical regulator of neural crest development and has also been implicated in the acquisition...

...Atish Ganguly; Jin Jiang; Y. Tony Ip The maternal Toll signaling pathway sets up a nuclear gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal in the early Drosophila embryo. Dorsal activates twist and snail , and the Dorsal/Twist/Snail network activates and represses other zygotic genes to form...

..., and Snail , as a repressor, restricts the expression of Delta1 at the border of the neural crest territory. At the late gastrula stage, Delta1 interacts with Notch to activate Hairy2A in the region of the neural fold. Subsequently, Hairy2A acts as a repressor of Bmp4 transcription, ensuring that levels...

... conditional gain- and loss-of-function experiments using different msx1 constructs fused to a glucocorticoid receptor element to avoid an early effect of this factor. We show that msx1 expression is able to induce all other early neural crest markers tested ( snail,slug, foxd3 ) at the time of neural crest...

... identified as a localized muscle determinant, is also required for mesenchyme induction, and that it plays a role in making the cell response differ between notochord and mesenchyme induction. A zygotic event involving snail expression downstream of maternal macho-1 mediates the suppression of notochord...

... of the Snail family, Snail and Slug , have both been implicated in this cascade. In chick and Xenopus , loss- and gain-of-function experiments have provided evidence that Slug plays a key role in neural crest development. However, in contrast to the chick, Snail rather than Slug is expressed...

... of the border between neural plate and epidermis. Dlx Neural crest Neural induction Xenopus hairy2a slug snail msx © 2003. 2003 10 10 2002 ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) References Adamska, M., Leger, S., Brand, M., Hadrys, T...

...Marta G. del Barrio; M. Angela Nieto The Snail gene family of transcription factors plays crucial roles in different morphogenetic processes during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. In previous studies of function interference for one of the family members, Slug , we showed...

... gradient. sim is not activated in the ventral mesoderm, due to inhibition by the localized zinc-finger Snail repressor, which is selectively expressed in the ventral mesoderm. Additional studies suggest that the Snail repressor can also stimulate Notch signaling. A stripe2-snail transgene appears to induce...

...Shovon I. Ashraf; Y. Tony Ip Delaminated neuroblasts in Drosophila function as stem cells during embryonic central nervous system development. They go through repeated asymmetric divisions to generate multiple ganglion mother cells, which divide only once more to produce postmitotic neurons. Snail...

... for a positive influence of FGFs on BMP gene expression, the physiological implication of FGFs in apoptosis appears to result from their requirement for the expression of genes of the apoptotic cascade. We have identified MSX2 and Snail as candidate genes associated with apoptosis the expression of which...

... Drosophila Transcriptional repression groucho Pattern formation Terminal patterning huckebein snail brachyenteron The developing Drosophila embryo consists of a segmented trunk flanked by presumptive head and tail regions. The maternal anterior and posterior coordinate systems...