... ). The lateral extent of cAth1 expression corresponded to the expanded domain where dI1 were generated after the overexpression of Smad proteins ( Fig. 7C,D , see Fig. 5C ). Additionally, the cAscl1 expression domain (dP3-5) was regulated by Smad activity; cAscl1 was reduced in knock down experiments...

... these interactions might affect target gene activation or repression. We find that two Smad proteins, effectors of the Drosophila Dpp/TGF-β pathway, that are genetically required for the activation of the spalt ( sal ) gene in the wing,collaborate with the Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx) to directly repress sal...

... pathway in proliferating granule cell precursors. Smad proteins,the only known BMP receptor substrates capable of transducing the signal, are also differentially expressed in the developing cerebellum: Smad1 in the external germinal layer and Smad5 in newly differentiated granule neurones. Among them...