...Maxwell A. Serowoky; Claire E. Arata; J. Gage Crump; Francesca V. Mariani ABSTRACT Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells with inconsistent characteristics...

...Amjad Askary; Pengfei Xu; Lindsey Barske; Maxwell Bay; Paul Bump; Bartosz Balczerski; Michael A. Bonaguidi; J. Gage Crump ABSTRACT Patterning of the facial skeleton involves the precise deployment of thousands of genes in distinct regions of the pharyngeal arches. Despite the significance...

... bone defects and larval lethality, establishing a key role for Osterix in bone formation in a non-mammalian species. Osteoblasts Osteogenesis Bone modelling Skeleton Medaka Osteoblasts are bone matrix-forming cells that differentiate from Sox9 - and Runx2 -positive mesenchymal...

...-Seq revealed robust interaction of Shox2 with cis-regulatory enhancers clustering around skeletogenic genes that are also bound by Hox-TALE factors, supporting a lineage autonomous function of Shox2 in osteogenic lineage fate determination and skeleton patterning. Pbx ChIP-Seq further allowed...

...; Jessica L. Keenan; Lingqi Luo; Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington; Todd A. Blute; Ekaterina Oleinik; Jonas Ibn-Salem; Albert J. Poustka; Cynthia A. Bradham The sea urchin larval skeleton offers a simple model for formation of developmental patterns. The calcium carbonate skeleton is secreted by primary mesenchyme...

... and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization . Microsc. Res. Tech. 59 , 352 – 372 . Duloquin L. , Lhomond G. , Gache C. ( 2007 ). Localized VEGF signaling from ectoderm to mesenchyme cells controls morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo skeleton . Development 134 , 2293...

... of muscles to the skeleton and facilitate movement. Despite their functional importance, little is known about the development of bone eminences and attachment units. Here, we show that bone eminence cells are descendants of a unique set of progenitors and that superstructures are added onto the developing...

... ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 25 4 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 barx1 hand2 Cartilage Joint Skeleton Zebrafish The vertebrate head skeleton, including joints, is derived...

... interests. 24 11 2011 © 2012. Gene regulatory network Primary mesenchyme Sea urchin Skeletal morphogenesis Skeleton The dynamic anatomical changes that characterize embryogenesis are encoded in the genome. The genomic regulatory control of development can...

..., Endothelin 1 (Edn1) and Jagged1b-Notch2 in DV patterning of the facial skeleton, how these pathways are integrated to generate different skeletal fates has remained unclear. Here, we show that BMP and Edn1 signaling have distinct roles in development of the ventral and intermediate skeletons, respectively...

...Jared Coffin Talbot; Stephen L. Johnson; Charles B. Kimmel The ventrally expressed secreted polypeptide endothelin1 (Edn1) patterns the skeleton derived from the first two pharyngeal arches into dorsal, intermediate and ventral domains. Edn1 activates expression of many genes, including hand2...

... components of the facial skeleton by repressing ventral fates. In a genetic screen in zebrafish, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in jagged 1b ( jag1b ) that results in dorsal expansion of ventral gene expression and partial transformation of the dorsal hyoid skeleton to a ventral morphology...

... regions that undergo mesenchymal condensation; and vessel morphogenesis. During the latter, vessels that surround the condensations undergo an extensive rearrangement, forming a stereotypical enriched network that is segregated from the skeleton. In this study, we provide evidence for the centrality...

... (DAPI-stained) that were BrdU-positive. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: a-dudley@northwestern.edu ) 28 1 2009 © 2009. 2009 Fzd signaling Polarity Chondrocyte Planar cell polarity Morphogenesis Skeleton The growth of long bones is controlled via regulation...

...Louise Duloquin; Guy Lhomond; Christian Gache During development, cell migration plays an important role in morphogenetic processes. The construction of the skeleton of the sea urchin embryo by a small number of cells, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), offers a remarkable model to study cell...

...Justin Gage Crump; Mary E. Swartz; Johann K. Eberhart; Charles B. Kimmel Development of the facial skeleton depends on interactions between intrinsic factors in the skeletal precursors and extrinsic signals in the facial environment. Hox genes have been proposed to act cell-intrinsically...

... Y766F in the putative PLCγ/Shb( Cross et al., 2002 ) docking site in Fgfr1. It is significant that this allele does not give rise to polydactyly, indicating that the underlying threshold-dependent pathways in limb and axial skeleton development are distinct. The effects of the mutant Fgfr1 gene...

... of a conditional Jun allele by cre/LoxP-mediated recombination was used to screen for novel functions of Jun and revealed that its absence results in severe malformations of the axial skeleton. More-specific Jun deletion by collagen2a1-cre demonstrated the essential function of Jun in the notochord and sclerotome...

... for mammalian development. Pbx1 contributions were investigated through characterization of Pbx1 -deficient mice. Pbx1 mutants died at embryonic day 15/16 with severe hypoplasia or aplasia of multiple organs and widespread patterning defects of the axial and appendicular skeleton. An obligatory role for Pbx1...

...Michael Leitges; Lorenz Neidhardt; Bénédicte Haenig; Bernhard G. Herrmann; Andreas Kispert ABSTRACT The axial skeleton develops from the sclerotome, a mesenchymal cell mass derived from the ventral halves of the somites, segmentally repeated units located on either side of the neural tube. Cells...