... the urothelium. Despite its important structural and signaling functions, little is known how the lamina propria develops. Here, we show that in the murine ureter the lamina propria arises at late fetal stages and massively increases by fibrocyte proliferation and collagen deposition after birth. WNT, SHH, BMP4...

... disrupts niche architecture, suggesting that AMC in niche cells is important to maintain its reproducible structure. Furthermore, defects in niche architecture disrupt GSC function. Our data suggest that the niche signals less robustly to adjacent germ cells yet permits increased numbers of cells...

... surface rendering was carried out based on EpCAM staining, which was used to mask the mesenchymal Fucci-2a reporters, allowing better visualization of the epithelial Fucci-2a signals. For quantification of Fucci-2a reporter-expressing cells, only tips (but not segments or the main duct) were included...

... attributed. Summary: This Review covers the mechanisms of primordial germ cell migration in model organisms and systems, emphasizing the guidance factors and signaling pathways necessary for colonization of the gonad. ECM Gonad Migration Primordial germ cells Signaling Eunice...

... is established during kidney development. More specifically, how signals from the kidney influence vessel maturity and patterning remains poorly understood. Netrin 1 (Ntn1) is a secreted ligand that is crucial for vessel and neuronal guidance. Here, we demonstrate that Ntn1 is expressed by Foxd1 + stromal...

...Trevor S. Tippetts; Matthew H. Sieber; Ashley Solmonson ABSTRACT Metabolism is crucial for development through supporting cell growth, energy production, establishing cell identity, developmental signaling and pattern formation. In many model systems, development occurs alongside metabolic...

... signaling pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the small secreted peptide CLAVATA3 (CLV3) controls shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance by activating a signal transduction pathway that modulates the expression of the homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). Here, we demonstrate that two CLV3...

... muscle depends on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (Alk) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, which specifies founder cells (FCs) in the circular visceral mesoderm (VM). Although Alk activation by its ligand Jelly Belly (Jeb) is well characterized, few target molecules have been identified. Here, we used...

...Emily K. Ho; Tim Stearns ABSTRACT The mechanisms of vertebrate Hedgehog signaling are linked to the biology of the primary cilium, an antenna-like organelle that projects from the surface of most vertebrate cell types. Although the advantages of restricting signal transduction to cilia are often...

...José Esteban-Collado; Montserrat Corominas; Florenci Serras ABSTRACT Regeneration after damage requires early signals to trigger the tissue repair machinery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as early signals that are sensed by the MAP3 kinase Ask1, which in turn activates by phosphorylation...

... replenishment versus cell incorporation into organ primordia. The WUSCHEL (WUS)/CLAVATA (CLV) negative feedback loop is central to SAM size regulation. Its correct function depends on accurate spatial expression of WUS and CLV3 . A signaling pathway, consisting of ERECTA family (ERf) receptors and EPIDERMAL...

... 2020 Summary: This Meeting Review summarizes the main results presented at the EMBL/IBEC Winter conference ‘Engineering Multicellular Systems’ held in Spain in February 2020. Embryoids Morphogenesis Organ-on-chip Patterning Signaling Synthetic embryos Vascularization...

... and myoblast pools. We reveal that the non-cell-autonomous effect of MyHC-emb on myogenic progenitors and myoblasts is mediated by the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and exogenous FGF rescues the myogenic differentiation defects upon loss of MyHC-emb function in vitro . Adult Myh3 null mice...

... of protein function with the precision of a pulse of laser light. This Primer gives an overview of the most commonly used optogenetic tools and their application in developmental biology. Embryonic development Optogenetics Signaling Synthetic biology Tissue morphogenesis Optogenetics...

... in mouse and zebrafish embryos that are deficient in RA-generating enzymes or RARs have been instrumental in identifying RA functions, revealing that RA signaling regulates development of many organs and tissues, including the body axis, spinal cord, forelimbs, heart, eye and reproductive tract...

... and FGF signaling in culture. The analysis of gremlin 1 ( Grem1 )-deficient forelimb buds showed that JAG1-expressing LMPs are protected from apoptosis by GREM1-mediated BMP antagonism. At the same stage, the osteo-chondrogenic progenitors (OCPs) located in the core mesenchyme are already actively...

... in development and disease. Recent studies suggest that this versatility in Notch function may not necessarily arise from complex and context-dependent integration of Notch signaling with other developmental signals, but instead arises, in part, from signaling dynamics. Here, we review recent findings...

...Cecile Giordano; Laurent Ruel; Candice Poux; Pascal Therond ABSTRACT Hedgehog (Hh) is a conserved morphogen that controls cell differentiation and tissue patterning in metazoans. In Drosophila , the Hh signal is transduced from the G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (Smo) to the cytoplasmic Hh...

...Tania Papoutsi; Luis Luna-Zurita; Belén Prados; Stéphane Zaffran; José Luis de la Pompa ABSTRACT Signaling interactions between the myocardium and endocardium pattern embryonic cardiac regions, instructing their development to fulfill specific functions in the mature heart. We show that ectopic...

...Delong Meng; Anderson R. Frank; Jenna L. Jewell ABSTRACT The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses nutrients and growth factors to coordinate cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Extensive research has mapped the signaling pathways regulated by mTOR that are involved in human diseases...