... of Hh signal transduction, two of which are themselves encoded by Hh target genes. In each case we discovered interesting new aspects about the pathway's regulation. Anterior expression of en in the wing imaginal disc was first observed 30 years ago and en is the Hh target gene requiring...

...-activating protein that facilitates endothelial cell export of the vascular basement protein collagen IV. Lymphovenous valves Signal transduction Vascular biology Venous valves PROX1 hi EC in developing LVV in Rasa1 fl/fl Cdh5 ert2cre embryos administered TM at E12.5 showed increased...

... and animal development by altering protein function in spatially and temporally controlled ways. In this Primer, we explain the process of SUMOylation and summarize how SUMOylation regulates a number of signal transduction pathways. Next, we discuss multiple roles of SUMOylation in the epigenetic control...

... of Biologists Ltd 2019 Summary: This Review describes the trafficking mechanisms proposed to mediate the extracellular transport of Wnt proteins and discusses how they contribute to Wnt dispersal. Cytoneme Exosome Secretion Signal transduction Wnt signalling Wnt trafficking The Wnt...

... of Biologists Ltd 2017 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: This Meeting Review of the 2017 FASEB conference ʻThe TGFβ Superfamily: Signaling in Development and Disease' summarizes recent findings in TGFβ signal transduction mechanisms and control, and their role in tumorigenesis...

... of Drosophila cytonemes where it has been found to affect Dpp morphogen transfer by promoting actin nucleation. Knockdown of dia in the Dpp-responsive air sac primordium (ASP) shortens ASP cytonemes and blunts their tips, leading to decreased Dpp signal transduction ( Roy et al., 2014 ). To determine whether...

... disc. Drosophila Signal transduction Hedgehog Smoothened Phosphorylation Fused kinase SNAP-tag labeling University of Iowa 10.13039/100008893 Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le Cancer 10.13039...

... of nascent vessels, preventing excessive tip cell formation and hypersprouting. Notch Angiogenesis Retina Signal transduction Sprouting Vascular development The vascular system in vertebrates forms a vast network of blood vessels lined by endothelial cells and supporting mural cells...

... in enterocytes, thus non-autonomously regulating intestinal stem cell proliferation. Axin Signal Transduction Tankyrase Wingless Wnt β-catenin The Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal in mammals, whereas conditional inactivation of Wnt...

... on Costal 2 are dispensable. Drosophila Hedgehog Signal Transduction Costal 2 (Cos) Fused Secreted Hedgehog proteins constitute a major family of signaling molecules that guide development, cell proliferation and stem cell behavior in Drosophila and in mammals ( Hui and Angers, 2011...

... through plasmodesmata (PD). PD conductivity is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms remain enigmatic. In Arabidopsis , signal transduction mediated by the receptor-like kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB) contributes to inter-cell layer signaling during tissue...

.../licenses/by/3.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Fertilization Gamete interaction In vitro reconstitution Membrane microdomains Oocyte maturation Proteolysis Signal transduction Src...

... TGFβ Signal transduction Ecdysone receptor During embryonic development in animals, secreted Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) proteins perform a multitude of tasks. Later in life, mutations that disrupt TGFβ signaling often lead to tumor growth. One group of TGFβ pathway regulators...

... for effects on Hh signal transduction. Cysteine mutagenesis reveals that previously uncharacterized functional roles exist for Smo EC1 and EC2. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that EC1 cysteine mutation induces significant Hh-independent Smo signaling, triggering a level of pathway activation similar...

... a developmental role for the kidney glomerular basement membrane. Dev. Biol. 217 , 278 -289. Miranti, C. K. and Brugge, J. S. ( 2002 ). Sensing the environment: a historical perspective on integrin signal transduction. Nat. Cell Biol. 4 , E83 -E90. Montesano, R., Matsumoto, K., Nakamura, T...

...Hongge Jia; Yajuan Liu; Wei Yan; Jianhang Jia The seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) and Zn-finger transcription factor Ci/Gli are crucial components in Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction that mediates a variety of processes in animal development. In Drosophila , multiple kinases have been...

... aspects of axonal development in vivo. e-mail: [email protected] 15 10 2008 © 2008. 2008 Neural development Signal transduction Cytoskeleton Drosophila In developing neurons, axon and dendrite extensions are directed by specialised motile structures termed growth...

... Syndrome. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 22 9 2008 © 2008. 2008 Drosophila genetics Axon guidance Body patterning Cell migration Central nervous system Signal transduction In bilaterally symmetric nervous systems, many axons are guided...

... family kinase Wnt Signal transduction During the development of the nervous system, axons are guided by attractive and repulsive guidance cues( Dickson, 2002 ). The ventral midline of the Drosophila embryonic nervous system has proven to be an excellent model system in which to identify...

... © 2008. 2008 Ovary Ovulation Granulosa cell Kras ( K-ras ) Signal transduction MKP3 (DUSP6) Activation of small G-proteins within the RAS superfamily impact multiple downstream signaling cascades, including RAF1/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/FOXO, in many tissues in a cell...