... is not well understood. If sea urchin micromeres (skeletogenic cell progenitors) are removed at the 16-cell stage, early endoderm initiates a sequential switch in cell fates, called “transfating”. Without micromeres, other mesoderm cells are absent as well, because their specification depends on signaling...

... discovered that miR-31 and some of its validated targets are enriched on the mitotic spindle of the dividing sea urchin embryo and mammalian cells. Using the sea urchin embryo, we found that miR-31 inhibition led to developmental delay correlated with increased cytoskeletal and chromosomal defects. We...

... using: (1) a single-cell RNA-sequencing-derived cell atlas highlighting the 2 day-post-fertilization (dpf) sea urchin gastrula cell type families, as well as the genes expressed at the single-cell level; (2) a set of putative cis-regulatory modules and transcription factor-binding sites obtained from...

... are generated and maintained is poorly understood. The sea urchin embryonic skeleton is secreted by a syncytium, and local patterns of skeletal growth are associated with distinct sub-domains of gene expression within the syncytium. For such molecular compartments to be maintained and to control local patterns...

... approaches. In this study, we used tricaine, a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inhibitor, to show that VGSC activity is required for normal skeletal patterning in Lytechinus variegatus sea urchin larvae. We demonstrate that tricaine-mediated patterning defects are rescued by an anesthetic-insensitive...

... miniata , to complement the recent analysis of two sea urchin species. We identified 20 cell states across six developmental stages from 8 hpf to mid-gastrula stage, using the analysis of 25,703 cells. The clusters were assigned cell states based on known marker gene expression and by in situ RNA...

...Himanshu Vyas; Catherine S. Schrankel; Jose A. Espinoza; Kasey L. Mitchell; Katherine T. Nesbit; Elliot Jackson; Nathan Chang; Yoon Lee; Jacob Warner; Adam Reitzel; Deirdre C. Lyons; Amro Hamdoun ABSTRACT Sea urchins are premier model organisms for the study of early development. However...

... embryos that use endogenous hypoxia and redox gradients as morphogens during normal development. Here, we show that the tolerance to hypoxic conditions changes between different developmental stages of the sea urchin embryo, possibly due to the structure of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We...

... embryos for normal AP patterning is less well understood. To investigate this process in an invertebrate deuterostome, we defined Axin function in early sea urchin embryos. Axin is ubiquitously expressed at relatively high levels in early embryos and functional analysis revealed that Axin suppresses...

...Stephany Foster; Nathalie Oulhen; Gary Wessel ABSTRACT Identifying cell states during development from their mRNA profiles provides insight into their gene regulatory network. Here, we leverage the sea urchin embryo for its well-established gene regulatory network to interrogate the embryo using...

...Atsuko Yamazaki; Yoshiaki Morino; Makoto Urata; Masaaki Yamaguchi; Takuya Minokawa; Ryohei Furukawa; Mariko Kondo; Hiroshi Wada ABSTRACT In several model animals, the earliest phases of embryogenesis are regulated by lineage-specific genes, such as Drosophila bicoid . Sea urchin (echinoid...

... translation. Some miRNAs are key regulators of the Wnt signaling pathways, which impact developmental processes. This study investigates miRNA regulation of different isoforms of Dishevelled ( Dvl/Dsh ), which encode a key component in the Wnt signaling pathway. The sea urchin Dvl mRNA isoforms have similar...

...David R. McClay; Esther Miranda; Stacy L. Feinberg ABSTRACT Many marine larvae begin feeding within a day of fertilization, thus requiring rapid development of a nervous system to coordinate feeding activities. Here, we examine the patterning and specification of early neurogenesis in sea urchin...

... of this sea urchin institute parallel pathways to quiesce translation thoroughly but transiently. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 28 8 2016 1 2 2017 © 2017. Published...

...Zheng Wei; Lynne M. Angerer; Robert C. Angerer During embryogenesis the sea urchin early pluteus larva differentiates 40-50 neurons marked by expression of the pan-neural marker synaptotagmin B (SynB) that are distributed along the ciliary band, in the apical plate and pharyngeal endoderm, and 4-6...

.... However, the role of transporters in moving extracellular signals that regulate embryogenesis is largely unexplored. Here, we show that a mesodermal ABCC (MRP) transporter is necessary for endodermal gut morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos. This transporter, Sp -ABCC5a (C5a), is expressed in pigment cells...

..., however, that Vasa has a much broader function, including a significant role in cell cycle regulation. Results herein indicate that Vasa is utilized widely, and often induced transiently, during development in diverse somatic cells and adult precursor tissues. We identified that Vasa in the sea urchin...

... provides a valuable paradigm for understanding stem cells in general. We find that the PGCs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exhibit broad transcriptional repression, yet enrichment for a set of inherited mRNAs. Enrichment of several germline determinants in the PGCs requires the RNA-binding...

...Atsuko Yamazaki; Yumi Kidachi; Masaaki Yamaguchi; Takuya Minokawa Echinoids (sea urchins) are divided into two major groups – cidaroids (a ‘primitive’ group) and euechinoids (a ‘derived’ group). The cidaroids are a promising model species for understanding the ancestral developmental mechanisms...

... biological processes. A well-characterized gene regulatory network (GRN) in the sea urchin embryo was used to identify the transcription factors that control five distinct cell changes during EMT. Single transcription factors were perturbed and the consequences followed with in vivo time-lapse imaging...