... to the mother plant through vascular tissues. Their formation requires plant-specific genes, such as BREVIS RADIX ( BRX ) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. BRX family proteins are found throughout the euphyllophytes but also occur in non-vascular bryophytes and non-seed lycophytes. They consist of four conserved...

... cell types. In the primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana , two transcription factors, BRAVO and WOX5, among others, are expressed in the stem-cell niche. Intriguingly, BRAVO, a repressor of quiescent center divisions, confines its own gene expression to the stem-cell niche, as evidenced in a bravo...

... from the wall connects the state of cell wall homeostasis to the BR receptor complex and modulates BR activity. Here, we report that both pectin-triggered cell wall signalling and impaired BR signalling result in altered cell wall orientation in the Arabidopsis root meristem. Furthermore, both...

... in Arabidopsis root meristems, in which the differentiation of individual protophloem sieve element precursors into interconnected conducting sieve tubes is laid out in a spatio-temporal gradient. The mature protophloem eventually collapses as the neighboring metaphloem takes over its function further distal...

... from the regeneration of specific cell types, tissues and organs, to the rebuilding of an entire organism. Over the years, extensive studies on embryo, shoot and root development in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying plant regeneration...

... thaliana , H3K4-specific JUMONJI (JMJ) proteins distinguish themselves by the association with an F/Y-rich (FYR) domain. Here, we report that jmj14 mutations partially suppress reduced root meristem size and growth vigor of brevis radix ( brx ) mutants. Similar to its close homologs, JMJ15 , JMJ16...

...Daria Bloch; Malikarjuna Rao Puli; Assaf Mosquna; Shaul Yalovsky ABSTRACT Patterning of the root xylem into protoxylem (PX) and metaxylem is regulated by auxin-cytokinin signaling and microRNA miR165a/166b -mediated suppression of genes encoding Class III HOMEODOMAIN LEU-ZIPPER (HD-ZIPIII) proteins...

... a signal cascade in the cytoplasm that leads to the transcription of BR-responsive genes that drive cellular growth. However, recent studies of the primary root have revealed distinct BR signaling pathways in different cell types and have highlighted cell-specific roles for BR signaling in controlling...

... in numerous processes throughout the plant life cycle, from seed development and germination, through to root, shoot and flower development. Here, we provide an overview of ROS production and signaling in the context of plant growth and development, highlighting the key functions of ROS and their interactions...

...Marketa Pernisova; Martina Grochova; Tomas Konecny; Lenka Plackova; Danka Harustiakova; Tatsuo Kakimoto; Marcus G. Heisler; Ondrej Novak; Jan Hejatko ABSTRACT Mutual interactions of the phytohormones, cytokinins and auxin determine root or shoot identity during postembryonic de novo organogenesis...

... perception of so-called root-active CLE peptides, the exogenous application of which suppresses root growth by preventing protophloem formation in the meristem. clv2 as well as crn null mutants are resistant to root-active CLE peptides, possibly because CLV2-CRN promotes expression of their cognate receptors...

...Jingyuan Li; Carolina Parada; Yang Chai ABSTRACT The tooth root is an integral, functionally important part of our dentition. The formation of a functional root depends on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and integration of the root with the jaw bone, blood supply and nerve innervations...

... root protophloem development, modulate downstream BR signaling components. Here, we report that protophloem sieve element differentiation is indeed impaired in bri1 brl1 brl3 mutants, although this effect might not be mediated by canonical downstream BR signaling components. We also found...

... statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 13 12 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Auxin LONESOME HIGHWAY Root Vascular development The vascular bundle is the long-distance transport pathway for water, nutrients and signalling...

..., but the existence of an equivalent system has not been demonstrated in plants, except that the growth regulator auxin has been proposed to act in a similar manner in certain developmental contexts. Recently, it has been reported that, in the Arabidopsis root meristem, endodermis-derived microRNA (miR) 165/166 non...

... organs in several plant species, but their contribution to meristem homeostasis remains unexplored. Our analyses report that both loss- and gain-of-function BR-related mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana have reduced meristem size, indicating that balanced BR signalling is needed for the optimal root growth...

...Giovanni Sena; Jee W. Jung; Philip N. Benfey In plants, cell fate specification depends primarily on position rather than lineage. Recent results indicate that positional information can be transmitted through intercellular trafficking of transcription factors. The SHORT ROOT ( SHR ) gene, a member...

...Keni Jiang; Yu Ling Meng; Lewis J. Feldman Embedded within the meristem of all Angiosperm roots is a population of slowly dividing cells designated the quiescent center (QC). In maize roots the QC can constitute upwards of 800-1200 cells, most of which spend an extended period of time (180-200...

...Panagiota Mylona; Paul Linstead; Rob Martienssen; Liam Dolan The primary root of Arabidopsis has a simple cellular organisation. The fixed radial cell pattern results from stereotypical cell divisions that occur in the meristem. Here we describe the characterisation of schizoriza ( scz ), a mutant...

...Catherine M. Duckett; Karl J. Oparka; Denton A. M. Prior; Liam Dolan; Keith Roberts ABSTRACT Epidermal cells of the Arabidopsis thaliana root are derived from a ring of 16 or so initials (stem cells) that are located just below the quiescent centre of four central cells. Derivatives...