... trunk expression extending into somites and neuroectoderm. Epigenetic analysis using chromatin immunoprecipitation of trunk tissues from E8.25 wild-type and Raldh2 −/− embryos lacking RA synthesis revealed RA-dependent recruitment of the repressive histone marker H3K27me3 and polycomb repressive complex...

... to relate to a retinoic acid (RA) receptor-dependent mechanism. RA is a potent morphogen synthesised by Raldh enzymes, Raldh2 being the predominant one in mesodermal tissues. Despite the importance of epicardial retinoid signalling in the heart, the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiac Raldh2...

...Thomas Brade; Sandeep Kumar; Thomas J. Cunningham; Christina Chatzi; Xianling Zhao; Susana Cavallero; Peng Li; Henry M. Sucov; Pilar Ruiz-Lozano; Gregg Duester Epicardial signaling and Rxra are required for expansion of the ventricular myocardial compact zone. Here, we examine Raldh2 –/– and Rxra...

...Yann Gibert; Alexandra Gajewski; Axel Meyer; Gerrit Begemann Vertebrate forelimbs arise as bilateral appendages from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Mutants in aldh1a2 ( raldh2 ), an embryonically expressed gene encoding a retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme, have been used to show that limb...

... expression patterns. Overlapping functions of these enzymes have hampered genetic efforts to elucidate RA function in the eye. Here, we report Raldh1, Raldh2 and Raldh3 single,double and triple null mice exhibiting progressively less or no RA synthesis in the eye. Our genetic studies indicate that RA...

.... Here, we have investigated the functions of local RA synthesis in the process of motoneuron specification and early differentiation using a conditional knockout strategy that ablates the function of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) synthesizing enzyme essentially in brachial motoneurons...

... and RA signalling. We describe two phases of AP signalling by RA,reflected in RALDH2 expression. The first phase (HH4-7) is characterized by increasing proximity between sino-atrial precursors and the lateral mesoderm expressing RALDH2. In this phase, RA signalling is consistent with diffusion...

... in the adjacent trunk tissues by RALDH2, and that Cyp26a1 -null animals exhibit spina bifida and caudal agenesis. We now show that, in the absence of Cyp26a1 , retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) mediates ectopic RA-signaling in the tail bud. We also show that activated RARγ results in downregulation of Wnt3a...

... and Wnts to promote expression of these posterior genes depends upon RA. In part, this is likely to be due to the ability of Fgfs and Wnts to promote RA activity through suppression of cyp26 expression, but is also likely to be due to additional regulatory events, such as promotion of raldh2 expression...

... affects limb morphogenesis in mutant mouse embryos deficient for the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2/Aldh1a2). These mutants, which have no detectable embryonic RA except in the developing retina, die at E9.5-E10 without any evidence of limb bud formation, but maternal RA supplementation through...

... the identification and expression pattern of the zebrafish retinaldehyde dehydrogenase2 ( raldh2/aldh1a2 ) gene. Raldh2 synthesises retinoic acid (RA) from its immediate precursor retinal. It is expressed in a highly ordered spatial and temporal fashion during gastrulation in the involuting mesoderm and during later...

...Felix A. Mic; Robert J. Haselbeck; Arnold E. Cuenca; Gregg Duester Retinoid control of vertebrate development depends upon tissue-specific metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid (RA). The RA biosynthetic enzyme RALDH2 catalyzes much, but not all, RA production in mouse embryos, as revealed here...

... acid in signalling between the paraxial mesoderm and neural tube. To investigate whether loss of RALDH2 activity could account for the nls phenotype, we injected raldh2 -specific morpholino antisense oligonucleotides into wild-type embryos and assayed the ensuing effects by in situ hybridisation...

... established in a mammalian system. To block endogenous RA synthesis, we have disrupted the gene encoding RALDH2, the first retinaldehyde dehydrogenase whose expression has been detected during early mouse post-implantation development. We describe here the heart abnormalities of the RA-deficient Raldh2...

... the ranges tested, appear to be unimportant so long as the relative levels are kept in balance. Fig. 2. Partial chamber development in the Raldh2 − / − mutant heart. (A-D) and (F-I) are serial coronal sections through the heart of E9.5 wild-type and Raldh2 − / − embryos, respectively...

...@cnb.uam.es ) 22 08 2000 07 07 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Limb Proximodistal patterning Meis1 Meis2 Retinoic acid Raldh2 Fibroblast growth factor 8 Hox Apical ectodermal ridge Chick Vertebrate limbs provide an excellent model for the study...

...Karen Niederreither; Julien Vermot; Brigitte Schuhbaur; Pierre Chambon; Pascal Dollé ABSTRACT Targeted disruption of the murine retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( Raldh2 ) gene precludes embryonic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, leading to midgestational lethality (Niederreither, K., Subbarayan, V...