... are required for salivary gland initiation. Moreover, we show that the requirement for RA in gland initiation involves canonical signaling through retinoic acid receptors (RAR). Finally, we show that RA signaling essential for gland initiation is transduced specifically through RARα, with no contribution from...

... to their origin unless treated with retinoic acid (RA), which results in proximodistal (PD) limb duplications. Little is known about the transcriptional network that regulates PD duplication. In this study, we target specific retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to either PD duplicate (RA treatment or RARγ agonist...

.... 2002 Neural patterning Pharynx Lancelet Amphioxus RAR RXR TR2/4 RA Retinoic acid (RA), an endogenous vitamin A-derived morphogen, regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in chordate embryos and adults. Too much or too little RA during embryogenesis causes malformations...

... with GAL4-RAR or GAL4-RXR constructs and a UAS-luciferase construct so that only in the presence of retinoids can the RAR or the RXR activate luciferase expression. We dissected the E12.5 LGE, MGE and cerebral cortex (see Fig. 1 ) and grew them as explants in co-culture with the transfected reporter...

...-mail: [email protected] ) † Present address: Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 21 10 1996 © 1997 by Company of Biologists 1997 A/P neural patterning RAR Retinoid Dominant negative Vitamin A and its congeners such as retinoic acid (RA...

...Hui-Chen Lu; Gregor Eichele; Christina Thaller ABSTRACT Retinoids regulate various aspects of vertebrate development through the action of two types of receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid-X-receptors (RXRs). Although RXRs bind 9- cis -retinoic acid (9cRA) with high...

... acid receptors (RAR-α, RAR-β, RAR-γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXR-α, RXR-β, RXR-γ). We have been using zebrafish as a model of regeneration to study the role of retinoic acid and its receptors in vertebrate pattern formation. In this report, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization...