... embryo. Echinoderm Sea urchin Skeletogenesis Primary mesenchyme Syncytium Gene regulatory network National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS2004952 Multinucleated cells, also known as syncytia, are found across the tree of life ( Ogle et al...

... cellular behaviors that underlie skeletogenesis are well understood and a complex transcriptional gene regulatory network (GRN) that underlies the specification of embryonic skeletogenic cells (primary mesenchyme cells, PMCs) has recently been elucidated. Here, we link the PMC specification GRN to genes...

...Vincenzo Cavalieri; Rosa Guarcello; Giovanni Spinelli In the indirect developing sea urchin embryo, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) acquire most of the positional and temporal information from the overlying ectoderm for skeletal initiation and growth. In this study, we characterize the function...

... regulatory network Primary mesenchyme Sea urchin alx1 A prominent feature of the embryogenesis of indirectly developing sea urchins is the formation of an elaborate, calcified cskeleton. Recent studies have revealed a gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls the development...

... has focused on transcriptional gene regulatory networks (GRNs) deployed in specific embryonic territories during early development. The micromere-primary mesenchyme cell(PMC) GRN drives the development of the embryonic skeleton. Although normally deployed only by presumptive PMCs, every lineage...

...Louise Duloquin; Guy Lhomond; Christian Gache During development, cell migration plays an important role in morphogenetic processes. The construction of the skeleton of the sea urchin embryo by a small number of cells, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), offers a remarkable model to study cell...

...Eric Röttinger; Lydia Besnardeau; Thierry Lepage In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage...

...Kirsten A. Guss; Charles A. Ettensohn ABSTRACT The skeleton of the sea urchin embryo is synthesized by the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). Previous studies have shown that local interactions between PMCs and the neighboring ectoderm regulate several aspects of skeletal morphogenesis, including PMC...

... to cell. Of particular significance, primary mesenchyme cells, which are responsible for production of the embryonic skeleton, have been shown to obtain extensive positional information from the embryonic ectoderm. In the present study, high resolution Nomarski imaging reveals the presence of very thin...

... is invariant despite wide experimentally induced variations in the number of skeleton forming primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). In the present study, we have used PMC transplantation, fluorescent cell markers and confocal laser scanning microscopy to analyze cellular aspects of skeletal patterning. Labeling...

...Glenn L. Decker; William J. Lennarz 01 03 1988 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 sea urchin spicule biomineralization skeleton glycoprotein cell ingression cell migration primary mesenchyme calcium m vitro Skeletogenesis, a key morphogenetic event...