... be reprogrammed by ASCL1, raising the questions of what provides competence and how we can overcome barriers to enable directed differentiation. Here, we investigate how levels of ASCL1 and its phosphorylation modulate its activity over progressive lineage restriction of mouse embryonic stem cells. We find...

.... We further confirmed that PATL2 phosphorylation occurs in the oocyte maturation process and identified the S279 phosphorylation site using phosphoproteomics. We found that the S279D mutation decreased the protein level of PATL2 and led to subfertility in Palt2 S279D knock-in mice. Our work reveals...

... is required for tyrosine phosphorylation at bicellular (bAJ) and tricellular (tAJ) junctions in germband cells, and localizes to hotspots of mechanical tension. The role of Src42A was investigated using maternal RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9-induced germline mosaics. We find that, during cell intercalations, Src42A...

...Rupkatha Banerjee; Piyali Chakraborty; Michael C. Yu; Shermali Gunawardena ABSTRACT It is more than 25 years since the discovery that kinesin 1 is phosphorylated by several protein kinases. However, fundamental questions still remain as to how specific protein kinase(s) contribute to particular...

... receptor-like kinase (L-LecRLK). AP1 is localized to the plasma membrane and its transcript is highly accumulated in pollen during the starch synthesis phase. RNA-seq and phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that the expression/phosphorylation levels of numerous genes/proteins involved in starch and sucrose...

... a conformational switch from an inactive cytoplasmic form into an active membrane- and actin-bound form, which is thought to be mediated by sequential PIP 2 binding and phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal threonine residue. Here, we use the single Caenorhabditis elegans ERM ortholog, ERM-1, to study...

... phosphorylation of SMO, mainly by the PKA and CKI kinases. How thresholds in HH morphogen regulate SMO to promote switch-like transcriptional responses is a central unsolved issue. Using the wing imaginal disc model in Drosophila , we identified new SMO phosphosites that enhance the effects of the PKA/CKI kinases...

... (PPP)-family members. The rapid dephosphorylation of NPR2 is accompanied by a rapid phosphorylation of the cGMP phosphodiesterase PDE5, an enzyme whose activity is increased upon phosphorylation. Later, levels of the NPR2 agonist C-type natriuretic peptide decrease in the follicle, and these sequential...

... in craniofacial development and embryonic survival, altering Hand1 phosphoregulation, and consequently Hand1 dimerization affinities, in NCCs results in severe mid-facial clefting and neonatal death. Hand1 phosphorylation mutants exhibit a non-cell-autonomous increase in pharyngeal arch cell death accompanied...

... in regeneration and repair. However, generation of physiologically mature neurons in vitro remains problematic. Here we demonstrate the cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of a key reprogramming transcription factor, Ascl1, on multiple serine-proline sites. This multisite phosphorylation is a crucial regulator...

... differentiation activities. In Drosophila , the conserved serine 138 residue in Maelstrom is required for its phosphorylation, an event that promotes oocyte determination. Phosphorylation of Maelstrom is required for the repression of the pachytene checkpoint protein Sir2, but not for transposon silencing...

...-cell-autonomously by upregulating Delta expression and Notch signalling. Reduction in Cdk-dependent multisite phosphorylation of Ngn2 enhances its promoter binding affinity. This leads specifically to an increase in neuronal differentiation without an apparent increase in progenitor maintenance via...

... factor required for ac-sc expression, the expression of which coincides temporally with that of ac-sc in the notum, is Wingless (Wg; also known as Wnt). Wingless downregulates the activity of the serine/threonine kinase Shaggy (Sgg; also known as GSK-3). We demonstrate that Scute is phosphorylated by Sgg...

... that occurs as development progresses. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation is unknown. The proneural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) acts as a master regulator of neuronal differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Ngn2 is phosphorylated on multiple serine-proline sites in response...

... that phosphorylation of two evolutionary conserved MLC-4 serine and threonine residues is important for myosin II activity and organization. Finally, in an RNAi screen for potential myosin regulatory light chain kinases, we found that the ROCK, PAK and MRCK homologs act redundantly. The combined loss of ROCK and PAK...

... understood. We have previously shown that the EGFR RTK pathway causes phosphorylation and downregulation of Groucho, a global co-repressor that is widely used by many developmentally important repressors for silencing their various targets. Here, we use specific antibodies that reveal the dynamics of Groucho...

...) to the transcriptional mediator Cubitus interruptus (Ci). This residue is located in the serine/threonine kinase Fused (Fu)-binding domain and is phosphorylated as a consequence of Fu activation. Although Ser572 does not overlap with known Smo-or Ci-binding domains, the expression of a Cos2 variant mimicking...

... Recycling Receptor dynamics Half-life Phosphorylation Synaptic activity At central synapses, recycling of postsynaptic receptors plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity. For example, during long-term potentiation,synaptic strength is enhanced by an increased recruitment of recycledα-amino-5...

... like wild type, suggesting that the SMA-4 C terminus is dispensable. Using a combination of different C-terminal mutations in SMA-2 and SMA-3, we found a complex set of requirements for Smad-phosphorylation state that are specific to each outcome. Finally, we detected a physical interaction of SMA-3...

... but lacks a signal sequence for secretion and is internalised by a non-endocytic process. We show that phosphorylation of a serine-rich domain within Engrailed 2 by the protein kinase CK2 specifically inhibits Engrailed 2 secretion. The availability of the serine-rich domain to CK2 is highly increased when...