... ; Riddle, 1993 ; Chang et al., 1994 and Lopez Martinez et al., 1995 ). We have generated several P19 cell lines expressing various levels of Shh . These cell lines were unable to elicit complete digit duplications. However, when treated with RA and grafted to the anterior margin of a chick limb bud...

... induced by various members of the TGFβ family such as activin and bone morphogenetic proteins. D3 is a mutant clone of P19 cells selected for its failure to differentiate when aggregated in DMSO. Aggregated D3 cells express Brachyury mRNA suggesting that the mutation(s) responsible for the phenotype of D3...

... mitotic cells. The resultant culture is predominantly composed of granule cell neurons and glia. P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and the D3 derivative of these cells were cultured and induced to differentiate in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) as described by Rudnicki and McBurney (1987) . P19 cells...

... cells, it is not clear at present if this induction of Motch RNA levels has any functional significance. We plan further experiments to modulate Motch expression in P19 cells to determine if this has an effect on the ability of these cells to differentiate. In addition to neuroepithelium...