... central nervous system are patterned by similar signaling mechanisms. Ascidian Ciona Brain Sensory vesicle Neural patterning The chordate super-phylum is characterised by a well patterned dorsal tubular central nervous system (CNS) ( Satoh et al., 2014 ). Ascidians belong...

...@berkeley.edu ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 24 5 2013 19 2 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Oct4 Sall4 Xenopus Gene regulation Neural patterning Nieuwkoop and Eyal-Giladi suggested...

..., but expression of the anterior forebrain marker, xanf1 was increased ( Fig. 4D ). Pan-neural marker nrp1 expression is not significantly reduced in either PTK7 or LRP6 morphants, versus controls ( Fig. 4D , middle panel). Thus, neural patterning, but not neural induction is perturbed. Both morphant groups...

... ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 3 1 2012 © 2012. Neural induction Neural plate Neural border Anterior neural ridge Secondary prosencephalon Forebrain Telencephalon Fate map Neural patterning Cell...

... 2011 © 2011. Spinal cord Gliogenesis Tenascin C Extracellular matrix Growth factor responsiveness Neural patterning Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Despite their various roles in CNS function and homeostasis...

... into the transcriptional repressor form ( Pan et al., 2006 ; Pan et al., 2009 ; Wang and Li, 2006 ). Gli3 single mutants have only subtle defects in neural patterning ( Persson et al., 2002 ). In the caudal neural tube, where PKA-deficient embryos show a strong phenotype, removal of Gli3 did not modify the phenotype...

.... ( 2001 ). A morphogen gradient of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus . Development 128 , 4189 - 4201 . Knight-Jones E. ( 1952 ). On the nervous system of Saccoglossus cambrensis (Enteropneusta) . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci...

... for retinoid signaling in anteroposterior neural patterning . Development 124 , 373 - 379 . Blythe S. A. , Reid C. D. , Kessler D. S. , Klein P. S. ( 2009 ). Chromatin immunoprecipitation in early Xenopus laevis embryos . Dev. Dyn. 238 , 1422 - 1432 . Bonstein L...

... Neural patterning Neurogenesis Notch pathway The establishment of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on the generation of functionally distinct neurons produced in appropriate numbers and at correct positions. In the developing spinal cord, distinct classes of neurons are produced...

... address: National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA † Author for correspondence ( xjli@uchc.edu ) ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work 25 9 2009 © 2009. 2009 Human embryonic stem cells Neural patterning...

... Neural plate Neural patterning Mouse How a morphologically uniform sheet of cells becomes patterned into molecularly, functionally and structurally distinct areas remains one of the principal puzzles facing developmental biologists. In particular, the mechanisms involved in patterning...

... that might be capable of influencing neural development along multiple spatial and temporal axes. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: dymecki@genetics.med.harvard.edu ) 20 7 2007 © 2007. 2007 Roof plate Neural patterning Choroid plexus Genetic fate map Inducible recombinases...

... Neural patterning Nodal Delta Notch FGF MEK ERK The central nervous system (CNS) of the Ciona intestinalis larva is remarkably similar in overall organisation to, but much simpler than, its vertebrate counterpart. It consists of an anterior sensory vesicle, followed by a narrow neck...

... transcriptional activation in ventral neural patterning and motor neuron specification. Neuron 40 , 81 -95. Nybakken, K., Vokes, S. A., Lin, T. Y., McMahon, A. P. and Perrimon, N. ( 2005 ). A genome-wide RNA interference screen in Drosophila melanogaster cells for new components of the Hh signaling...

... and Rubenstein, 2000 ). Neural patterning Neuronal migration Telencephalon Pax6 Ephrin A5 © 2006. 2006 18 1 2006 * Author for correspondence (e-mail: osumi@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp ) ...

... on the right side. Thus, ablation of the b6.5 blastomere affected patterning of the A-line neural lineages. Fig. 2. Ablation of the right side b6.5 blastomere affects A-line neural patterning. Experimental conditions are shown at the top of the panels and the marker used on the left of the panels. All...

... revealed a genetic network regulating vertebrate eye field specification. Our results support a model of progressive tissue specification in which neural induction then Otx2 -driven neural patterning primes the anterior neural plate for eye field formation. Next, the EFTFs form a self-regulating feedback...

...Tomomi Haremaki; Yasuko Tanaka; Ikuko Hongo; Masahiro Yuge; Harumasa Okamoto Early neural patterning along the anteroposterior (AP) axis appears to involve a number of signal transducing pathways, but the precise role of each of these pathways for AP patterning and how they are integrated...

... in the axial mesoderm for anterior neural development. Consistent with these results, bon -mutant embryos show defects in axial mesoderm gene expression starting at mid-gastrulation stages. In addition, genetic analyses demonstrate a functional interaction during neural patterning between bon and two...

... vhnf1 gives cellular competence to respond to Fgf signals in a caudal hindbrain-specific manner. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: sive@wi.mit.edu ) 1 5 2003 © 2003. 2003 Vhnf1 Fibroblast growth factor Fgf3 Fgf8 Zebrafish Hindbrain Valentino Krox20 Rhombomere Neural...