... the spatiotemporal dispersion of equivalent elements in mouse and the key influence of responsiveness to organizer signals. Axial organization Spemann Body plan Neural induction Organizer Vertebrate embryo In the context of an embryo, an ‘organizer’ refers to a group of cells that harbour...

... , L. ( 2005 ). Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition . Development   132 , 299 - 310 . 10.1242/dev.01582 Hoffman , T. L. , Javier , A. L. , Campeau , S. A. , Knight , R. D. and Schilling , T. F. ( 2007 ). Tfap2...

... system: as well as the neuroectoderm lineage, neuromesodermal progenitors contribute to the spinal cord. Neuromesodermal progenitors Wnt FGF Bipotent cells Neural induction Spinal cord Stem cells The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is first manifest as an ovoid region...

... target of miR-96 family members via gain- and loss-of-function analyses. Given the essential roles of ZEBs and PAX6 in neural induction, we propose a model by which miR-200 and miR-96 families coordinate to regulate neural induction. Under a chemically defined culture system, hESCs differentiate...

... ) that is transiently expressed in the developing neural plate in a temporal window corresponding to the period of a-lineage neural induction. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator we observed multiple calcium transients throughout the developing neural plate in wild-type embryos, but not in mutant embryos...

... ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 3 1 2012 © 2012. Neural induction Neural plate Neural border Anterior neural ridge Secondary prosencephalon Forebrain Telencephalon Fate map Neural patterning Cell...

...Sei Kuriyama; Roberto Mayor Syndecan-4 (Syn4) is a heparan sulphate proteoglycan that is able to bind to some growth factors, including FGF, and can control cell migration. Here we describe a new role for Syn4 in neural induction in Xenopus . Syn4 is expressed in dorsal ectoderm and becomes...

...Chenbei Chang; Richard M. Harland Vertebrate neural induction requires inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the ectoderm. However, whether inhibition of BMP signaling is sufficient to induce neural tissues in vivo remains controversial. Here we have addressed why inhibition...

... required for neural induction in the mouse. We have analysed the role of BMP signalling in this process. We demonstrate that prior to gastrulation, Bmp2/4 signalling via Bmpr1a maintains epiblast pluripotency and prevents precocious neural differentiation of this tissue, at least in part by maintaining...

...., 2003 ). We cross-reference our in vitro findings in vivo using the chick embryo, a well-studied model organism for the process of neural induction in higher vertebrates ( Stern, 2005a ; Streit and Stern, 1999 ). Here,early (preneural) genes that identify potential neural tissue include a different...

... for FGF signalling for neural induction in vertebrate embryos ( Streit et al., 2000 ; Wilson et al.,2000 ; Stavridis et al.,2007 ). Fig. 1. Fgf4 -/- ES cells are deficient in neural induction. ( A-E ) Immunostaining (left; phase-contrast, right) for Oct4 and nestin (A,D) and Oct4 and TuJ1...

... of chordin . * Author for correspondence (e-mail: eweinber@sas.upenn.edu ) 9 6 2006 © 2006. 2006 β-Catenin FGF signaling Dorsal axis formation Neural induction Dorsoventral patterning Anteroposterior patterning Organizer Nodal Chordin Zebrafish FGF signaling...

...-repressing function that is shared by both β-catenin genes. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: eweinber@sas.upenn.edu ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 23 1 2006 © 2006. 2006 β-Catenin Axis formation Neural induction Dorsoventral patterning...

...Emilie Delaune; Patrick Lemaire; Laurent Kodjabachian Neural induction constitutes the first step in the generation of the vertebrate nervous system from embryonic ectoderm. Work with Xenopus ectodermal explants has suggested that epidermis is induced by BMP signals,whereas neural fates arise...

...Claudia Linker; Claudio D. Stern A dominant molecular explanation for neural induction is the `default model', which proposes that the ectoderm is pre-programmed towards a neural fate, but is normally inhibited by endogenous BMPs. Although there is strong evidence favouring this in Xenopus , data...

... activity( Aybar and Mayor, 2002 ; Barth et al., 1999 ; Nguyen et al., 2000 ). In all vertebrate model organisms that have been examined, most neural tissue originates close to the organiser (on what is termed the dorsal side of the gastrula in fish and frogs), supporting the notion that neural induction...

... suggests that EGF-CFC genes can also activate certain cellular responses independently of nodal signaling. Here, we show that FRL-1 , a Xenopus EGF-CFC gene, suppresses BMP signaling to regulate an early step in neural induction. Overexpression of FRL-1 in animal caps induced the early neural markers zic3...

... expansion, consistent with conclusions drawn from overexpression studies ( Feledy et al., 1999 ; Luo et al., 2001b ). To ensure that the effects on the neural plate were not limited to Xsox2 or to early stages of neural induction, we examined the effects of the Dlx constructs on NCAM expression. NCAM...

... 10 2002 © 2003. 2003 Ciona MEK FGF ERK Ascidian Tunicate Neural patterning Neural induction In chick embryos, FGF signalling is implicated in the earliest inductive events of neural tissue, which occur before the onset of gastrulation( Wilson et al., 2000 ; Streit et al...

...' fragment). Their different inducing abilities were tested by conjugating either `green' or `brown' fragments with stage 9 animal caps,followed by in situ hybridization analysis of the conjugates at the corresponding of stage 22/23. A weak anterior neural induction was detected in the conjugates...