... undifferentiated precursor cells located above the eye. Here, we demonstrate a role for Foxc1 in modulating the influence of Bmp signaling on the expression of Msx2 and the specification of these cells. Inactivation of Foxc1 results in a dramatic reduction in skull vault growth and causes an expansion of Msx2...

... cells (NCCs) that ultimately specifies cardiac NCC function for OFT development, but does not regulate NCC migration to the heart. We show that Pbx1 directly activates Pax3 , leading to repression of its target gene Msx2 in NCCs. Compound Msx2/Pbx1 -null embryos display significant rescue of cardiac...

...Mamoru Ishii; Jun Han; Hai-Yun Yen; Henry M. Sucov; Yang Chai; Robert E. Maxson, Jr The neural crest is a multipotent, migratory cell population that contributes to a variety of tissues and organs during vertebrate embryogenesis. Here, we focus on the function of Msx1 and Msx2 , homeobox genes...

... transcriptional responses in different cell types. Here,we identify a BMP-responsive enhancer of Msx2 , an immediate early target of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We show that the BMP-responsive region of Msx2 consists of a core element, required generally for BMP-dependent expression, and ancillary...

... such anomaly is familial calvarial foramina, persistent unossified areas within the skull vault. Mutations in MSX2 and TWIST are known to cause calvarial foramina in humans. Little is known of the cellular and developmental processes underlying this defect. Neither is it known whether MSX2 and TWIST function...

...Liang Ma; Jian Liu; Tobey Wu; Maksim Plikus; Ting-Xin Jiang; Qun Bi; Yi-Hsin Liu; Sven Müller-Röver; Heiko Peters; John P. Sundberg; Rob Maxson; Richard L. Maas; Cheng-Ming Chuong Msx2 -deficient mice exhibit progressive hair loss, starting at P14 and followed by successive cycles of wavelike...

.... Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 67 , 81 -89. Satokata, I., Ma, L., Ohshima, H., Bei, M., Woo, I., Nishizawa, K., Maeda, T., Takano, Y., Uchiyama, M., Heaney, S. et al. ( 2000 ). Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation. Nat. Genet . 24 , 391...

... does not occur. Downstream genes through which Pax3 regulates cardiac neural crest development are unknown. Here, using a combination of genetic and molecular approaches, we show that the deficiency of cardiac neural crest development in the Splotch mutant is caused by upregulation of Msx2 , a homeobox...

... for a positive influence of FGFs on BMP gene expression, the physiological implication of FGFs in apoptosis appears to result from their requirement for the expression of genes of the apoptotic cascade. We have identified MSX2 and Snail as candidate genes associated with apoptosis the expression of which...

... to be determined. Msx2 , the sister gene to Msx1 , has also been reported to inhibit myogenesis ( Takahashi et al., 1996 ). Transcripts of Msx2 were not detectable in somites by in situ hybridisation (data not shown), but it should be kept in mind that Msx1 transcripts were not detected either...

... as craniosynostosis, presumably involves disturbance of these interactions. Mutations in the homeobox gene Msx2 as well as the FGF receptors cause human craniosynostosis syndromes. Our histological analysis of mouse calvarial development demonstrated morphological differences in the sagittal suture between embryonic...

...Angela D. Reginelli; Yao-Qi Wang; David Sassoon; Ken Muneoka ABSTRACT We report that during mouse fetal development transcripts of Msx1 and Msx2 become progressively restricted to cells that will form more distal digit structures; the Msx2 expression domain is always more distal than Msx1...