.... Mutations in human MSX1 have been linked to orofacial clefting and we show here that Msx1 deficiency causes a growth defect of the medial nasal process (Mnp) in mouse embryos. Although this defect alone does not disrupt lip formation, Msx1 -deficient embryos develop a cleft lip when the mother...

.... Msx1 is among several transcription factors that are induced by epithelial Bmp4 and that, in turn, are necessary for the induction and maintenance of dental mesenchymal Bmp4 expression. Thus, Msx1 -/- teeth arrest at early bud stage and show loss of Bmp4 expression in the mesenchyme. Ectopic expression...

...Shihai Jia; Jing Zhou; Yang Gao; Jin-A Baek; James F. Martin; Yu Lan; Rulang Jiang Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas all tooth germs were arrested at the bud...

..., such as Msx1 -null mutants. Exogenous Fgf7 inhibits Shh signaling and reverses the cranial neural crest (CNC) cell proliferation rescue in the Msx1/Dlx5 double knockout palatal mesenchyme. Thus, Dlx5-regulated Fgf7 signaling inhibits the expression of Shh, which in turn controls the fate of CNC cells through...

... and the inhibition of preplacodal genes such as Six1 . In addition, we demonstrate that Gbx2 is upstream of the neural fold specifiers Pax3 and Msx1 . Our results place Gbx2 as the earliest factor in the NC genetic cascade being directly regulated by the inductive molecules, and support the notion...

... -deficient cells is sufficient to induce surrounding wild-type epithelial and mesenchymal cells to participate in the formation of new teeth. Strikingly, Msx1 , which is necessary for endogenous tooth development, is dispensable for supernumerary tooth formation. In addition, we identify Fgf8 , a known tooth...

... of neurons does not seem to result from a defect in NCC specification as all the usual markers, with the exception of Msx1 , are expressed in the dorsal caudal-most NT as early as E4/HH24. However, Bmp4-Wnt1 signaling, which triggers trunk NCC delamination, is impaired in this region due to persistence...

... pathway that controls the differentiation of mesDA neurons shows that, in the absence of Otx2, the expression of Lmx1a and Msx1 , and the proneural genes Ngn2 and Mash1 is not activated in Sox2 + mesDA progenitors, which largely fail to differentiate into Nurr1 + mesDA precursors. Furthermore...

...Mamoru Ishii; Jun Han; Hai-Yun Yen; Henry M. Sucov; Yang Chai; Robert E. Maxson, Jr The neural crest is a multipotent, migratory cell population that contributes to a variety of tissues and organs during vertebrate embryogenesis. Here, we focus on the function of Msx1 and Msx2 , homeobox genes...

... expression of Noggin in the embryonic area, and downregulation of Msx1 , a BMP4 target gene, with Msx1 expression being ultimately restricted to the most distal embryonic and extra-embryonic somatopleural mesoderm. Msx1 downregulation thus correlates with the formation of the pterylae, and its maintenance...

... formation in the mouse and found that regenerative capability correlated with the expression domain of the Msx1 gene. Using the stage 11 (E14.5) digit, we now show that digit tip regeneration occurs in organ culture and that Msx1 , but not Msx2 , mutant mice display a regeneration defect. Associated...

... -130. Bei, M. and Maas, R. ( 1998 ). FGFs and BMP4 induce both Msx1-independent and Msx1-dependent signaling pathways in early tooth development. Development 125 , 4325 -4333. Cheifetz, S. ( 1999 ). BMP receptors in limb and tooth formation. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med . 10 , 182 -198...

... in msx1 expression in the maxillary prominence six hours after the first set of beads (arrow, stage 22+) and (L) 12 hours after the second set of beads (lower arrow, stage 28). Frontonasal mass expression has started to recover in the older embryo (upper arrow). (M) Increased expression in the mesenchyme...

...Zunyi Zhang; Yiqiang Song; Xiang Zhao; Xiaoyun Zhang; Cesar Fermin; YiPing Chen Cleft palate, the most frequent congenital craniofacial birth defects in humans, arises from genetic or environmental perturbations in the multi-step process of palate development. Mutations in the MSX1 homeobox gene...

...′-CGTGTGCGCTCCTCTTTCGTGTG-3′; and reverse (CD), 5′-CTCGCTCACTCAGGATGCCATC-3′. Genotyping of Msx2 knockout mice was performed as previously described ( Satokata et al., 2000 ). Confidence intervals for Msx1-Pax3 and Msx2-Pax3 interactions were computed using the method of Louis ( Louis, 1981 ), which allows...

... with other markers such as the Msx1, Fgf10, Hoxd13 and Bmp4 expressed in the mesenchyme. To analyze the role of the FGF system during GT formation, an in vitro organ culture system was utilized. It is suggested that the distal urethral plate epithelium of GT, the Fgf8 -expressing region, regulates...

... they reach their destination. Here we show that in chicken embryos, expression of the Msx1 homeobox gene overlaps with Pax3 in migrating limb muscle precursors, which are committed myoblasts that do not express myogenic differentiation genes such as MyoD . We find that ectopic expression of Msx1...

.... However, expression of the homeobox gene, Msx1 , was undetectable in the mesenchyme of dHAND -null branchial arches but unaffected in the limb bud, consistent with the separable regulatory elements of Msx1 previously described. Together, these data suggest a model in which epithelial secretion of ET-1...

...-E18) and postnatal stages (P1-P6). Msx1 and Msx2 were expressed in the sutural mesenchyme and the dura mater. FGFR2(BEK) , as well as Bmp2 and Bmp4 , were intensely expressed in the osteogenic fronts and Bmp4 also in the mesenchyme of the sagittal suture and in the dura mater. Fgf9 was expressed...

... that the expression of the homeobox gene, msx1 , is an immediate early response to BMP4 in Xenopus embryos. The timing of expression and embryonic distribution of msx1 parallel those described for BMP4. Moreover, over-expression of msx1 in early Xenopus embryos leads to their ventralization as described for BMP4...