... cardiovascular system. In contrast, in zebrafish, previous studies have reported that although embryos injected with tek morpholinos (MOs) exhibit severe vascular defects, tek mutants display no obvious vascular malformations. To further investigate the function of zebrafish Tek, we generated a panel of loss...

..., we determine the role of both the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways as they function in Capitella axis patterning. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides were targeted to Ct-Smad2/3 and Ct-Smad1/5/8 , transcription factors specific to the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways, respectively. Following...

...,pronephros. In order to observe whether mis-expressing lfng and rfng caused pronephric phenotypes, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) were designed to specifically knockdown translation of endogenous lfng and rfng transcripts (for MO sequences see Fig. S4A-C in the supplementary material...

.... † Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 25 6 2008 © 2008. 2008 Robo2 astray ath5 atoh7 Morpholino Fasciculation Transplant Cell-autonomy Zebrafish To generate a functional nervous...

...-signaling-depleted embryos,suggesting a signal from rhombomere 5-6 may also be required for otic fate maintenance. We show that rhombomere 5 wnt8b expression is absent in both RA-signaling-depleted embryos and in fgf3;tcf2 double mutants,and inactivation of wnt8b in fgf3 mutants by morpholino injection...

... Morpholino Netrin POC Semaphorin Slit The anterior commissure (AC), post-optic commissure (POC) and the optic chiasm are the first major axon pathways to cross the midline of the vertebrate forebrain during embryonic development. The POC is formed as neurons in the lateral diencephalon...

... † Present address: Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA 3 6 2005 ©2005. 2005 Zebrafish Cyclopamine Morpholino Axon guidance POC Chiasm Gfap Glia hedgehog slit you-too In bilateral organisms, some axons cross the midline of the CNS...

...Bruno Reversade; Hiroki Kuroda; Hojoon Lee; Ashley Mays; Edward M. De Robertis To address the patterning function of the Bmp2, Bmp4 and Bmp7 growth factors, we designed antisense morpholino oligomers (MO) that block their activity in Xenopus laevis . Bmp4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue...

... Neurogenesis Tumor Morpholino Neural plate Xenopus Antisense Neurogenesis from primary precursors or stem cells in vertebrates involves the specification of neuronal fates. One of the simplest models to study vertebrate neuronal specification in vivo is the development of the first neuronal...

...)causes sirenomelia in the mouse. Tsg is a Bmp- and chordin-binding protein that has multiple effects on Bmp metabolism in the extracellular space; Bmp7 is one of many Bmps and is shown here to bind to Tsg. In Xenopus ,co-injection of Tsg and Bmp7 morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) has a synergistic effect...

... of a morpholino that blocks the mRNA splicing reaction that gives DeltaD its terminal valine, on which the interaction depends. Embryos treated in this way appear normal with respect to some known functions of DeltaD as a Notch ligand, including the control of somite segmentation, neurogenesis, and hypochord...

...`jumpstart' of otic specification that is maintained by the Dlx3b-Pax2a pathway. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 9 7 2004 © 2004. 2004 dlx3b fgf3 fgf8 foxi1 Inner ear Morpholino Otic placode pax8 pax2a sox9a sox9b Zebrafish...

.... One of the genes specifically expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm, and later in its derivative, the visceral mesoderm, is the Fox gene FoxF1. Its function is critical for Xenopus gut development, and embryos injected with FoxF1 morpholino display abnormal gut development. In the absence of FoxF1...

... stage. We therefore examined its functions by blocking its translation using morpholino oligos. In Mixer-depleted embryos, the expression of many signaling ligands and transcription factors was affected. In particular, we found that the expression of several genes, including several normally expressed...

... primary domains, one each in the head and trunk. Although the position of the anterior domain is conserved, the posterior domain is located at least four segments anterior to that of Drosophila . Knockdown phenotypes generated with morpholino oligonucleotides, as well as embryonic and parental RNA...

... (hpf), and restricted to the head from 48 hpf onwards. Morpholino-induced prep1.1 loss-of-function caused significant apoptosis in the CNS. Hindbrain segmentation and patterning was affected severely, as revealed by either loss or defective expression of several hindbrain markers ( foxb1.2/mariposa...

...Ana Cristina Silva; Mario Filipe; Klaus-Michael Kuerner; Herbert Steinbeisser; José António Belo We analyzed the endogenous requirement for Cerberus in Xenopus head development. `Knockdown' of Cerberus function by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides did not impair head formation in the embryo...

... to induce both the otic placode and the epithelial organization of the otic vesicle. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 19 2 2003 © 2003. 2003 dlx3b dlx4b Inner ear Morpholino Olfactory placode sox9a sox9b Zebrafish...

... development, we have analyzed the requirements for gli1 and gli2 during zebrafish embryogenesis. We report that detour ( dtr ) mutations encode loss-of-function alleles of gli1 . In contrast to mouse Gli1 mutants, dtr mutants and embryos injected with gli1 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides display defects...

... and 6). Depletion of fgf3 by injection of antisense morpholino (fgf3-MO) suppresses the ear patterning defects in val/val embryos: Excess and ectopic hair cells are eliminated, expression of anterior otic markers is reduced or ablated, and zp23 is expressed throughout the medial wall of the otic vesicle...