... of symmetry. Here, we show that the nucleus migrates from the cell centroid to the basal pole during polarisation of the Marchantia polymorpha spore cell. A microtubule organising centre on the leading edge of the nucleus initiates a microtubule array between the nuclear surface and the cortex at the basal...

... genes ADNP and CHD3 , are known to directly regulate both tubulins and histones, we studied the five chromatin regulators most strongly associated with ASD ( ADNP , CHD8 , CHD2 , POGZ and KMT5B ) specifically with respect to tubulin biology. We observe that all five localize to microtubules...

...Maëlys Loh; Fred Bernard; Antoine Guichet ABSTRACT Microtubules and their associated motors are important players in nucleus positioning. Although nuclear migration in Drosophila oocytes is controlled by microtubules, a precise role for microtubule-associated molecular motors in nuclear migration...

... metaxylem secondary cell wall patterning. Yet, loss-of-function mutants of ICR5 and its closest homologs have not been studied and, hence, the functions of these ICR family members are not fully established. Here, we studied the functions of ICR2 and its homolog ICR5. We show that ICR2 is a microtubule...

... nuclear β-catenin, but the role of localised Wnt ligand signalling activity in their establishment remains unclear. In Xenopus , dorsal β-catenin is initiated by vegetal microtubule-mediated symmetry breaking in the fertilised egg, known as ‘cortical rotation’. Localised wnt11b mRNA and ligand-independent...

... of nuclei remain untested. Here, using quantification of nuclei position and division orientation together with embryo explants, we show that short-ranged repulsive interactions between microtubule asters ensure the regular distribution and maintenance of nuclear positions in the embryo. Such ordered...

...Jessica E. M Dunleavy; Anne E. O'Connor; Hidenobu Okuda; D. Jo Merriner; Moira K. O'Bryan ABSTRACT Katanin microtubule-severing enzymes are crucial executers of microtubule regulation. Here, we have created an allelic loss-of-function series of the katanin regulatory B-subunit KATNB1 in mice. We...

... mechanisms of Vash1 on endothelial microtubules during formation of the trunk vasculature. We show that microtubules within venous-derived secondary sprouts are strongly and selectively detyrosinated in comparison with other endothelial cells, and that this difference is lost upon vash1 knockdown. Vash1...

...Toshiya Kimura; Hiroko Saito; Miwa Kawasaki; Masatoshi Takeichi ABSTRACT Microtubules (MTs) regulate numerous cellular processes, but their roles in brain morphogenesis are not well known. Here, we show that CAMSAP3, a non-centrosomal microtubule regulator, is important for shaping the lateral...

... the predominant transverse pattern results in isotropic growth during normal development of cylindrical cells in Hydrodictyon africanum ( Green, 1969 ). Consequently, it has been shown that the organization of CMFs is similar to the arrangement of microtubules found in transmission electron micrographs...

... attributed. Summary: The autism and Down syndrome risk gene DYRK1A localizes to ciliary components and mitotic spindles, and is required for ciliogenesis and cell cycle control during embryonic Xenopus development. DYRK1A Ciliogenesis Autism Down Syndrome Microtubules Spindle...

.... Using the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans , we find that mec-15(-) mutants display defects in microtubule formation, neurite growth, synaptic development and neuronal functions, and that these defects can be rescued by the loss of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones and co-chaperones. MEC-15...

... processes at the shoot apical meristem. Cell wall Cell growth Cellulose Mechanics Microtubules Morphogenesis A central question in developmental biology is how the growth and morphogenesis of cells, organs and organisms are controlled. Apart from genetic and hormonal inputs, plant cell...

... of basal anisotropic cell shape that is microtubule dependent and likely to involve JNK signaling. We propose a model in which a single morphogen can differentially regulate apical versus basal cell shape during tissue morphogenesis. To ensure that cells within the image were consistently aligned...

... contribution of wall isotropy in organ emergence, through the disorganization of cortical microtubules. We show here that this disorganization is coupled with the transcriptional control of genes involved in wall remodelling. Some of these genes are induced when microtubules are disorganized and cells shift...

...Celeste Eno; Timothy Gomez; Diane C. Slusarski; Francisco Pelegri ABSTRACT Zebrafish germ plasm ribonucleoparticles (RNPs) become recruited to furrows of early zebrafish embryos through their association with astral microtubules ends. During the initiation of cytokinesis, microtubules are remodeled...

... through their association with the tips of growing interphase astral microtubules. Germ plasm RNPs are also associated with short cortical F-actin. We show that, in embryos mutant for the cytoskeletal regulator mid1ip1l , germ plasm RNPs fail to become recruited to the furrow, accumulating instead...

...You Kure Wu; Hiroki Umeshima; Junko Kurisu; Mineko Kengaku ABSTRACT Nuclear migration of newly born neurons is essential for cortex formation in the brain. The nucleus is translocated by actin and microtubules, yet the actual force generated by the interplay of these cytoskeletons remains elusive...

... regulation. The molecular mechanisms that cope with the disruptive effects of temperature variation are still poorly understood. Interestingly, one of five different β-tubulin paralogs, βTub97EF , was among the genes upregulated at low temperature in cultured Drosophila cells. As microtubules are known...

... revealed that such helical growth may be associated with helical arrays of cortical microtubules and of overlying cellulose microfibrils. An alternative mechanism of coiling that is based on differential contraction within a bilayer has also recently been identified and underlies at least some...