..., the mandible size considerably increases through two moltings (via the presoldier stage) under the control of juvenile hormone (JH). Regulatory genes are predicted to provide patterning information that induces the mandible-specific cell proliferation. To identify factors responsible for the mandibular...

... that patterns the mandible, maxilla and intervening hinge domain, but how the genes encoding these proteins are regulated remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the concerted action of the AP-2α and AP-2β transcription factors within the mouse neural crest is essential for jaw patterning. In the absence...

...Wen Sun; Weiwei Sun; Jingning Liu; Xichao Zhou; Yongjun Xiao; Andrew Karaplis; Martin R. Pollak; Edward Brown; David Goltzman; Dengshun Miao To determine whether the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) participates in tooth formation and dental alveolar bone development in mandibles in vivo, we examined...

... is largely unknown. Here, we report that Hand2 negatively regulates intramembranous ossification of the mandible by directly inhibiting the transcription factor Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Hand proteins physically interact with Runx2, suppressing its DNA binding...

..., we closely examined expression of Hand2, Dlx5 and Dlx6 in the developing mandible of Ednra –/– embryos. In contrast to the arch expression in wild-type embryos( Fig. 2M,O ), Dlx5 and Dlx6 expression in Ednra –/– embryos was downregulated throughout the mandibular arch mesenchyme( Fig...

... of the phenotype is dependent on the genetic background of a C57BL/6 (B6) strain; most of the offspring of Otx2 knock-out chimeras, which are equivalent to the F 1 of CBA and B6 strains, backcrossed with B6 females display reduction or loss of mandible, whereas those backcrossed with CBA females do not show...

... for the evolution of the unique Hemipteran head. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: kaufman@bio.indiana.edu ) 20 06 2000 09 08 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 RNAi Hemiptera Milkweed bug Oncopeltus Head Stylate-haustellate mouthpart Mandible Maxilla Labium Hox...

.... Schematic diagram demonstrating the regulation of Dlx2 by FGF8 and BMP4 in the mandible at E10.5. BMP4 (red) is expressed in the epithelium of the distal region of the mandible. It induces Dlx2 in the epithelium (blue shading) via an intra-epithelial signal. FGF8 (green) is expressed in the epithelium...

... to epithelial signals such as Fgf8, indicating that there is no pre-specification of these cells into different populations and suggesting that patterning of the hard tissues of the mandible is instructed by the epithelium. By E10.5, ectomesenchymal cell gene expression domains are still dependent on epithelial...

... Mandible Lim homeobox Fgf-8 Goosecoid Mouse Cell signalling The establishment of pattern during embryogenesis involves the cellular and molecular division of cells to provide ‘positional information’. Branchial arches give rise to a wide range of structures specific to each arch. Thus each...

... or in medial parts of the mandible at 13.5 days. This observation, taken together with our results for goosec -oid , suggest that it is medial first arch tissue that gives rise to the tongue and to medial parts of the mandible. Commencing at the thyroid duct, we observed a tract of goosecoid -expressing...

...Joy M. Richman; Zoe Crosby ABSTRACT Differential growth of the three major facial primordia, the frontonasal mass, maxilla and mandible, results in a characteristic face shape. Abnormal growth of any of the primordia can lead to facial defects. In order to dissect out the factors that control...