...Azim Pothiawala; Berke E. Sahbazoglu; Bryan K. Ang; Nadine Matthias; Guangsheng Pei; Qing Yan; Brian R. Davis; Johnny Huard; Zhongming Zhao; Naoki Nakayama ABSTRACT It has been established in the mouse model that during embryogenesis joint cartilage is generated from a specialized progenitor cell...

...Joanna Smeeton; Natasha Natarajan; Arati Naveen Kumar; Tetsuto Miyashita; Pranidhi Baddam; Peter Fabian; Daniel Graf; J. Gage Crump ABSTRACT The regulated expansion of chondrocytes within growth plates and joints ensures proper skeletal development through adulthood. Mutations in the transcription...

...Shai Eyal; Sarah Rubin; Sharon Krief; Lihi Levin; Elazar Zelzer ABSTRACT Sesamoid bones are small auxiliary bones that form near joints and contribute to their stability and function. Thus far, providing a comprehensive developmental model or classification system for this highly diverse group...

... gene expression in concert with other transcription factors, possibly OSR1/2, c-JUN and Wnts. Articular cartilage Interzone Joint Limb Osteoarthritis Transient cartilage Chicken Mouse Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology BT/PR11202/MED/32/46/2008...

...Lucy H. Brunt; Katie Begg; Erika Kague; Stephen Cross; Chrissy L. Hammond Joint morphogenesis requires mechanical activity during development. Loss of mechanical strain causes abnormal joint development, which can impact long-term joint health. Although cell orientation and proliferation are known...

...James T. Nichols; Luyuan Pan; Cecilia B. Moens; Charles B. Kimmel The evolution of joints, which afford skeletal mobility, was instrumental in vertebrate success. Here, we explore the molecular genetics and cell biology that govern jaw joint development. Genetic manipulation experiments...

... in both dorsal and intermediate defects, whereas knockdown of three intermediate-domain restricted genes dlx3b, dlx4b and dlx5a results in intermediate-domain-specific defects. The ventrally expressed gene hand2 patterns ventral identity, in part by repressing dlx3b/4b/5a . The jaw joint...

... ECM morphology remain elusive. In particular, how dynamic behaviors of ECM-secreting cells, such as shape changes and movements, contribute to ECM morphogenesis is unclear. Strict control of ECM morphology is crucial in the joints, where opposing sides of the skeleton must have precisely reciprocal...

... joint formation and the essential function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating chondrocyte survival. More importantly, we found that Wnt and Ihh signaling interact with each other in distinct ways to control osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, survival and synovial...

..., the homeobox transcription factors that function during chondrogenesis have been the least well defined. We show here that the homeobox transcription factor Barx2 is expressed in primary mesenchymal condensations, digital rays, developing joints and articular cartilage of the developing limb, suggesting...

... in C2C12 cells. Thus, CHL2 behaves as a secreted BMP-binding inhibitor. In situ hybridization revealed that CHL2 expression is restricted to chondrocytes of various developing joint cartilage surfaces and connective tissues in reproductive organs. Adult mesenchymal progenitor cells expressed CHL2 , and its...

... screen yielded 16 lethal point mutant alleles of dAP-2 . Null mutants die as adults or late pupae with a reduced proboscis, severely shortened legs (∼30% of normal length) lacking tarsal joints, and disruptions in the protocerebral central complex, a brain region critical for locomotion. Seven...

... chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up...

... precursors in the developing limb. The number, location and time of appearance of these stripes corresponds to the sites where joints will later form between skeletal elements. Null mutations in Gdf5 disrupt the formation of more than 30% of the synovial joints in the limb, leading to complete or partial...