...Charles J. Sheehan; John J. McMahon; Lucas D. Serdar; Debra L. Silver ABSTRACT Embryonic interneuron development underlies cortical function and its disruption contributes to neurological disease. Yet the mechanisms by which viable interneurons are produced from progenitors remain poorly understood...

.... Johnson; Christopher R. Kintner; Tomas Pieler; Carine Van Lint; Kristine A. Henningfeld; Eric J. Bellefroid; Claude Van Campenhout V1 interneurons are inhibitory neurons that play an essential role in vertebrate locomotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying their genesis remain, however, largely...

...Steve Seredick; Sarah A. Hutchinson; Liesl Van Ryswyk; Jared C. Talbot; Judith S. Eisen A central problem in development is how fates of closely related cells are segregated. Lineally related motoneurons (MNs) and interneurons (INs) express many genes in common yet acquire distinct fates...

...Kei-ichi Katayama; Fumiyasu Imai; Kenneth Campbell; Richard A. Lang; Yi Zheng; Yutaka Yoshida Cortical interneurons arise from the ganglionic eminences in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially to the cortex. Although RhoA and Cdc42, members of the Rho family of small GTPases, have been...

... domain markers, but it is only needed to maintain the expression of pMN, p2 and p1 domain markers. Smoothened V1 V2 Floor plate Gli3 Interneuron Zebrafish In mouse, Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is required for the formation of most ventral spinal cord motoneurons (MNs...

...Abhishek Mukhopadhyay; Tammy McGuire; Chian-Yu Peng; John A. Kessler Several different populations of interneurons in the murine cortex,including somatostatin (SST)- or parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells, are born in the ventral ganglionic eminences during mid-gestation and then migrate tangentially...

..., T. ( 2008 ). Regulation of burst activity through presynaptic and postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors in mouse superior colliculus. J. Neurosci. 28 , 816 -827. Karunaratne, A., Hargrave, M., Poh, A. and Yamada, T. ( 2002 ). GATA proteins identify a novel ventral interneuron subclass...

... of naturally occurring death of interneurons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during the first two postnatal weeks. Nonetheless, many neuronal subtypes formed lamina-specific arbors. Blocking apoptosis by deletion of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax showed that even neurons destined to die formed qualitatively...

... transcription factors. In the absence of both Nkx6 proteins, the CaP motoneuron subtype develops normally, whereas the MiP motoneuron subtype develops a more interneuron-like morphology. In the absence of Nkx6 function, MiPs exhibit normal early expression of islet1 , which is required for motoneuron formation...

... neuronal progenitors into multiple neuronal cell lineages. In the developing forebrain of mammals, the combined function of the Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes is necessary for the differentiation of the GABAergic interneurons born in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the ventral...

... increase in some types of ventral interneurons. We also provide evidence that Islet2 can substitute for Islet1 during primary motoneuron formation. Surprisingly, our results demonstrate that despite the motoneuron subtype-specific expression patterns of Islet1 and Islet2, the differences between the Islet1...

... rostral migration of the interneuron progenitors. Fez was not expressed in the projection neurons, interneurons or interneuron progenitors. Transgene-mediated expression of Fez in olfactory sensory neurons significantly rescued the abnormalities in olfactory axon projection and in the morphogenesis...

.... By contrast, little is known about how interneurons establish their local connections in vivo. Here, we investigated how developing amacrine interneurons selectively innervate the appropriate region of the synaptic neuropil in the inner retina, the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Increases (ON) and decreases...

... and interneurons. To identify more precisely when during development hedgehog signaling mediates these events, we directed the removal of hedgehog signaling within the brain by embryonic day 9 of development, using a FoxG1 Cre driver line to mediate the removal of a conditional smoothened null allele. We observed...

... that factors other than these are responsible for this activity. Correspondingly, in vivo analysis demonstrates that interneurons migrate to the cortex in the absence of Slit1 and Slit2 , or even in mice simultaneously lacking Slit1, Slit2 and netrin 1 . Nevertheless, loss of Slit2 and, even more so, Slit1...

... Audition Brain Branchial arch Dentition Ear Hematopoiesis Interneuron Leg Limb Neural crest Neural tube Olfaction Placode Telencephalon Tooth Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO) Split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM) GABAergic Otic Distal-less ( Dll ), as its name suggests...

...Franck Polleux; Kristin L. Whitford; Paul A. Dijkhuizen; Tania Vitalis; Anirvan Ghosh During telencephalic development, cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) are thought to migrate to the neocortex to give rise to a majority of cortical GABAergic interneurons. By combining time-lapse...

...Stewart A. Anderson; Oscar Marín; Carrie Horn; Kelly Jennings; John L. R. Rubenstein ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that projection neurons and interneurons of the cerebral cortex are generally derived from distinct proliferative zones. Cortical projection neurons originate from the cortical...

... in a reduction in the number of Otx1-positive neurons in this layer during postnatal development. Homozygous mice also show a reduction in the number of GAD67-positive interneurons throughout the cortex. Our results suggest that Querkopf is an essential component of a genetic cascade regulating cell...

... detrimental effect upon coordinated larval and adult movement that cannot be explained by the simple loss in odorant detection. In addition to olfactory sensory neurons, Acj6 is expressed in a distinct subset of postmitotic interneurons in the central nervous system from late embryonic to adult stages...