... cleavage of the Gli3 transcription factor to a repressor form that shuts off expression of Shh target genes. The functionally redundant 5′Hoxd genes regulate digit pattern downstream of Shh and Gli3 , through as yet unknown targets. Enforced expression of any of several 5′Hoxd genes causes polydactyly...

... 1996 pattern formation limb initiation axial influence dorsoventral compartments Fibroblast Growth Factors Hoxd genes Sonic Hedgehog Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Wnt-7a C-Lmx1 Engrailed-1 The first indication of the chick wing bud is a condensation of somatopleural...

...Allan Peter Davis and Mario R. Capecchi ABSTRACT Using gene targeting in mice, we have undertaken a systematic mutational analysis of the homeobox-containing 5′ HoxD genes. In particular, we have characterized the limb defects observed in mice with independent targeted disruptions of hoxd-12...

... cells HoxD genes polarizing activity limb development In the vertebrate embryo, several signaling centers have been identified. One such signaling regions is a group of cells located at the posterior region of the limb bud known as the polarizing region or ZPA. Signaling by the polarizing...

... and late functions of the AER are uncoupled. Similarly, activation of the 5′ members of the HoxD gene cluster ( Hoxd-11 to Hoxd-13 ) is not affected in ld mutant posterior limb bud mesenchyme, but the subsequent anteriorization of 5′ HoxD domains is delayed by about 12 hours and is associated with reduced...