... muscle interstitial cells continues through postnatal and adult life. Roles for Hox genes in the embryonic development of the skeletal system are well established, with loss-of-function of Hox paralog groups leading to dramatic homeotic transformations of the axial vertebrae and perturbed...

...Kazuya Yamada; Akiteru Maeno; Soh Araki; Morimichi Kikuchi; Masato Suzuki; Mizuki Ishizaka; Koumi Satoh; Kagari Akama; Yuki Kawabe; Kenya Suzuki; Daiki Kobayashi; Nanami Hamano; Akinori Kawamura ABSTRACT Vertebrate Hox clusters are comprised of multiple Hox genes that control morphology...

... ) to promote formation of the mesoderm during the somitogenesis stages by helping to maintain expression of tbxta , wnt3a and wnt8 ( Ye and Kimelman, 2020 ). However, the direct targets of these Hox13 factors were unknown. Although the importance of Hox genes in embryonic development has been known...

... of vertebrates depends on the temporally progressive activation of HOX genes within axial stem cells that fuel axial embryo elongation. Whether the pace of sequential activation of HOX genes, the 'HOX clock', is controlled by intrinsic chromatin-based timing mechanisms or by temporal changes in extrinsic cues...

... in ensuring development of the posterior body in zebrafish through sustaining the tailbud-derived bipotential neuromesodermal progenitors. Hox genes Brachyury Wnt signaling Neuromesodermal progenitors A hallmark of early embryonic vertebrate development is the progressive formation...

... expression in the posterior NC. Surprisingly, early RA supplementation prohibits NC formation. This work reveals for the first time that the amplitude of WNT signaling can modulate the axial identity of NC cells in humans. Neural crest WNT dose/magnitude Anterior-posterior axis HOX genes Human...

... Antennapedia elicit a developmental regulatory switch from auto-activation to auto-repression that increases concentration and suppresses cell-to-cell variability over time. Auto-regulation Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Hox genes Protein noise Transcription factors Variability...

... , the wings and halteres, homologous appendages of the second and third thoracic segments, respectively, bear different forms: wings are flat, whereas halteres are globular, and yet both characteristic shapes are essential for a normal flight. The Hox gene Ultrabithorax ( Ubx ) governs the difference between...

... into wing heart precursors. Interestingly, Hox gene expression in the Even Skipped-positive cells not only underlies their antero-posterior diversification, but also influences heart morphogenesis in a non-cell-autonomous way. In brief, we identify a new cardiac outflow component derived from a subset...

...Christian Hessinger; Gerhard M. Technau; Ana Rogulja-Ortmann Hox genes are known to specify motoneuron pools in the developing vertebrate spinal cord and to control motoneuronal targeting in several species. However, the mechanisms controlling axial diversification of muscle innervation patterns...

...Ana Casaca; Ana Nóvoa; Moisés Mallo Formation of the vertebrate axial skeleton requires coordinated Hox gene activity. Hox group 6 genes are involved in the formation of the thoracic area owing to their unique rib-promoting properties. Here we show that the linker region (LR) connecting...

... dissection of flanking and paralogous Hox gene functions in mouse reproductive tracts . Development   140 , 2942 - 2952 . 10.1242/dev.092569 Rancourt , D. E. , Tsuzuki , T. and Capecchi , M. R. ( 1995 ). Genetic interaction between hoxb-5 and hoxb-6 is revealed by nonallelic...

... the focus of significant research; however, much less is known about how these tissues are integrated into a functional unit appropriate for each body position and role. Previous reports have demonstrated crucial roles for Hox genes in patterning the axial and limb skeleton. Loss of Hox11 paralogous gene...

...Moisés Mallo; Claudio R. Alonso Hox genes encode a family of transcriptional regulators that elicit distinct developmental programmes along the head-to-tail axis of animals. The specific regional functions of individual Hox genes largely reflect their restricted expression patterns, the disruption...

... and anterior abdominal neuromeres are almost equally sized and formed by repetitive sets of neuroblasts, whereas the terminal abdominal neuromeres are generated by significantly smaller populations of progenitor cells. Here we investigated the role of the Hox gene Abdominal-B in shaping the terminal neuromeres...

...Anna M. Raines; Mike Adam; Bliss Magella; Sara E. Meyer; H. Leighton Grimes; Sudhansu K. Dey; S. Steven Potter Hox genes are key regulators of development. In mammals, the study of these genes is greatly confounded by their large number, overlapping functions and interspersed shared enhancers. Here...

... of which relies on a positive-feedback loop involving sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the BMP antagonist gremlin 1 (Grem1). The positive cross-regulation between Shh and the HoxA and HoxD clustered genes identified an indirect effect of Hox genes on the maintenance of AER-FGFs but the respective function of Shh...

...Alicia Estacio-Gómez; Marta Moris-Sanz; Anne-Kathrin Schäfer; Daniel Perea; Pilar Herrero; Fernando J. Díaz-Benjumea Although the Hox genes are the main factors involved in the generation of diversity along the anterior/posterior body axis of segmented organisms, it is still largely unknown how...

...Myungin Baek; Jonathan Enriquez; Richard S. Mann Adult Drosophila walk using six multi-jointed legs, each controlled by ∼50 leg motoneurons (MNs). Although MNs have stereotyped morphologies, little is known about how they are specified. Here, we describe the function of Hox genes and homothorax...

... differentiation. In the primitive streak, expression of the gene HoxB4 is associated with prospective duct IM, whereas expression of the more posterior Hox gene HoxA6 is associated with more posterior, non-duct-forming IM. Misexpression of HoxA6, but not of HoxB4, in prospective duct-forming regions of the IM...