... network indicate indirect regulation, or interactions found in other tissues that are likely occurring in the gynoecium. Colored words indicate different hormone-related processes: auxin signaling (blue); cytokinin signaling (green). Purple lines in B and C indicate the regions in which the processes...

... the importance of ICR1 in the placental production of hormones that promote maternal nutrient allocation to the fetus is unknown. To address this, we used a novel mouse model to selectively delete ICR1 in the endocrine junctional zone (Jz) of the mouse placenta (Jz-ΔICR1). The Jz-ΔICR1 mice exhibit increased...

... availability and growth through circulating hormones. Indeed, a coordinated reduction in all (or most) body parts is observed under nutritional restriction, highlighting that systemic hormonal relays play a key role in adjusting organ and body growth in response to nutrient availability. Outstanding questions...

..., the mandible size considerably increases through two moltings (via the presoldier stage) under the control of juvenile hormone (JH). Regulatory genes are predicted to provide patterning information that induces the mandible-specific cell proliferation. To identify factors responsible for the mandibular...

... and phloem) are produced. Xylem is composed of several cell types, including xylary fibers, parenchyma and vessel elements. In Arabidopsis , it has been shown that fibers are promoted by the class-I KNOX gene KNAT1 and the plant hormones gibberellins, and are repressed by a small set of receptor-like kinases...

... and colonic organoids to promote EEC development in vitro . An 8-h pulse of NEUROG3 expression induced expression of known target transcription factors and after 7 days organoids contained up to 25% EECs in the epithelium. EECs expressed a broad array of human hormones at the mRNA and/or protein level...

..., yet plastic, mature organ. Over the past couple of decades, studies have revealed that hormonal signals, transcription factors and miRNAs play major roles during leaf development, and more recent findings have highlighted the contribution of mechanical signals to leaf growth. In this Review, we...

... are essential for their development. Recently, major advances have been made in understanding how intercellular regulation is achieved in plants on a molecular level. Plants use a variety of molecules for intercellular regulation: hormones are used as systemic signals that are interpreted at the individual-cell...

.... and Leyser, O. ( 2005 ). The Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 is an auxin receptor. Nature 435 , 446 -451. Kuppusamy, K. T., Walcher, C. L. and Nemhauser, J. L. ( 2008 ). Cross-regulatory mechanisms in hormone signaling. Plant Mol. Biol . 69 , 375 -381. Leyser, O. ( 2005 ). Auxin distribution...

... correlate of total body size and distributes this information to all organs, and (3) autonomous organ growth is combined with feedback between growing organs to modulate final sizes. We provide evidence supporting models 2 and 3 and also suggest that hormones are the messengers of size information. Advances...