...) is required for precise orientation of a mitotic spindle in response to a Wnt cue. We find that SDN-1 is the predominant heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan in the early C. elegans embryo, and that loss of HS biosynthesis or of the SDN-1 core protein results in misorientation of the spindle of the ABar...

... by constitutive Ras activation in the epithelium but not in the mesenchyme. We further show that lacrimal gland development requires the mesenchymal expression of the heparan sulfate N -sulfation genes Ndst1 and Ndst2 but not the 6- O and 2- O -sulfation genes Hs6st1, Hs6st2 and Hs2st . Taken together...

...Vaishali N. Patel; Sarah M. Knox; Karen M. Likar; Colin A. Lathrop; Rydhwana Hossain; Siavash Eftekhari; John M. Whitelock; Michael Elkin; Israel Vlodavsky; Matthew P. Hoffman Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for biological processes regulated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Heparan...

...Xingbin Ai; Toshio Kitazawa; Anh-Tri Do; Marion Kusche-Gullberg; Patricia A. Labosky; Charles P. Emerson, Jr Heparan sulfate (HS) plays an essential role in extracellular signaling during development. Biochemical studies have established that HS binding to ligands and receptors is regulated...

... that encode glycosyltransferases that synthesize heparan sulfate chains. To study the relationship of the disease to mutations in these genes, we generated Ext2 -null mice by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant embryos developed normally until embryonic day 6.0, when they became growth arrested and failed...

...Kay Grobe; Masaru Inatani; Srinivas R. Pallerla; Jan Castagnola; Yu Yamaguchi; Jeffrey D. Esko Mutant mice bearing a targeted disruption of the heparan sulfate (HS)modifying enzyme GlcNAc N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) exhibit severe developmental defects of the forebrain and forebrain...

...Atsushi Irie; Edwin A. Yates; Jeremy E. Turnbull; Christine E. Holt Heparan sulfate (HS), a structurally diverse molecule comprising distinct sequences of sulfated disaccharide units, is abundant in the developing brain and binds to axon guidance molecules. Addition of HS to the developing Xenopus...

... through associations with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Neuregulin accumulation in the synaptic basal lamina of neuromuscular junctions occurred significantly later, coincident with a reorganization of muscle extracellular matrix resulting in a relative concentration of heparan sulfate proteoglycans...

... of growth factors that bind heparan sulfate, and the varied expression of different glypicans in tissues ( David et al., 1990 ; Filmus et al., 1995 ; Karthikeyan et al., 1992 ; Litwack et al., 1994 ; Pilia et al., 1996 ; Stipp et al., 1994 ; Watanabe et al., 1995 ), it is possible that this family...

... to that of wingless .UDP-glucose dehydrogenase is required for the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronate, which in turn is utilized in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. By rescuing the kiwi phenotype with both UDP-glucuronate and the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, we show that kiwi function in the embryo...

... differentially affected expression of early general and regionspecific mesodermal markers, suggesting that mesodermal cell fates become specified in the early embryo via at least two signaling pathways which differ in their requirements for heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Addition of soluble heparan sulfate...

...Merton Bernfield; Michael T. Hinkes; Richard L. Gallo ABSTRACT Recent work has made clear that heparan sulfate at the cell surface is essential for a wide variety of interactions of cells with their microenvironment, including the action of growth factors, extracellular matrix, proteases...

... of laminin, entactin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans but lacking collagen. Therefore, M1536-B3 cells are an excellent model system in which to study the role of non-collagenous components in BM assembly. We have used these cells to test for a requirement of mature heparan sulfate (HS) chains in BM assembly...