... and is subject to blood flow-driven forces. Recent work has begun to elucidate the important roles of developmental pathways, valve cell heterogeneity and hemodynamics in determining the structure and function of developing valves. Furthermore, this work has revealed that many key genetic pathways involved...

... Article: The asymmetric activity of Bmp signaling within the superior atrioventricular canal is essential for normal looping morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. BMP Wnt Cardiac looping Hemodynamics Zebrafish The term ‘cardiac looping’ defines a morphogenetic process during vertebrate...

... is required for normal PAA development, yet specific relationships between hemodynamics and remodeling remain largely unknown. Meeting this challenge is hindered by the common reductionist analysis of morphology to single idealized models, where in fact structural morphology varies substantially. Quantitative...

... to different hemodynamic forces, including frictional laminar shear stress, which is usually associated with healthy conditions, and turbulent wall shear stress, which is associated with pathological conditions ( Hahn and Schwartz, 2009 ) and which may cause defective cardiac valve formation ( Armstrong...

... biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography can concurrently image vascular structure and blood flow velocity, but these techniques lack the resolution to accurately calculate fluid forces such as shear stress. This is important because hemodynamic forces are biologically active and induce changes...

... is understudied. We recently developed a technique to simultaneously analyse flow dynamics and vascular remodelling by time-lapse microscopy in the capillary plexus of avian embryos and used this to study the hemodynamic environment present during angiogenic sprouting. We found that sprouts always form from...

... Pharmacie, Illkirch, France Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 12 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Biomechanics Blood vessels Hemodynamics Low Reynolds number Zebrafish...

... vessels continue to express cxcr4a , whereas connection of these vessels to the arterial circulation leads to rapid downregulation of cxcr4a expression and loss of angiogenic characteristics in endothelial cells, such as filopodia formation. Together, our findings indicate that hemodynamics, in addition...

... defects generally prohibits the precise assignment of the role of the mutated gene product in the vasculature. In this study, we show how to distinguish between genetic defects caused by targeted inactivation of the neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) receptor and hemodynamic defects occurring in homozygous knockout...

...-mail: [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 27 10 2003 © 2004. 2004 Cardiac conduction system Optical mapping Hemodynamics Mechanosensor Conotruncal banding Gadolinium Connexin 40 Chick embryo A rhythmic heartbeat is coordinated...