...Diego J. Hoyle; Daniel B. Dranow; Thomas F. Schilling ABSTRACT Secreted signals in patterning systems often induce repressive signals that shape their distributions in space and time. In developing growth plates (GPs) of endochondral long bones, Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) inhibits...

.... However, recent in vivo tracking experiments have revealed the presence of SSCs not only within the bone marrow but also within the periosteum and growth plate reserve zone. These studies show that SSCs are highly heterogeneous with regard to lineage potential. It has also been revealed that, during digit...

... and survival. Importantly, the Igf2 null mouse model does not represent a simple delay of growth but instead uncoordinated growth plate development. Furthermore, biochemical and two-photon imaging analyses identified elevated and imbalanced glucose metabolism in the Igf2 null mouse. Attenuation of glycolysis...

... hedgehog Bone morphogenetic proteins Growth plate Ossification Calcification Periosteum Blastema Lizards are the closest relatives of mammals that exhibit enhanced regenerative abilities of musculoskeletal tissues as adults. As amniotes, lizards follow the same basic blueprints...

...Eva S. Liu; Adalbert Raimann; Byongsoo Timothy Chae; Janaina S. Martins; Manuela Baccarini; Marie B. Demay Extracellular phosphate plays a key role in growth plate maturation by inducing Erk1/2 (Mapk3/1) phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. The Raf kinases induce Mek1/2...

... recent findings regarding the roles of several signaling pathways in modulating the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, which is the ‘engine’ of bone elongation. BMPs also play a crucial role in the formation and differentiation of cartilage. The mis-expression of BMPs...

... production to oxygenated cells. However, during embryogenesis, cells in different tissues that develop under low oxygen levels must produce this essential protein. In this study, using the growth plate of developing bones as a model system, we identify the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α...

... to preserve future growth potential. In the growth plate cartilage, this balance is achieved in part by establishing a proliferative phase that amplifies the number of progenitor cells prior to terminal differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Here, we show that endogenous calcium/calmodulin-dependent...

.... 4C,D ), and DAPI staining( Fig. 4E,F ) revealed that cells in mutant growth plates were more densely packed. This can be attributed to impaired type II collagen production. Moreover, a thicker type I collagen-producing perichondrium was seen in mutants( Fig. 4F ). BMP signaling can activate...

.... Kif3a deficiency also changed synchondrosis growth plate organization and function, and the severity of these changes increased over time. By postnatal day (P)7, mutant growth plates lacked typical zones of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, and were instead composed of chondrocytes...

... in embryos and newborns leads to reduced zones of hypertrophic chondrocytes and impaired matrix deposition in femoral and tibial growth plates, probably owing to impaired differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, hypertrophic differentiation and ossification of primordial arches...

...Tatsuya Kobayashi; Ung-il Chung; Ernestina Schipani; Michael Starbuck; Gerard Karsenty; Takenobu Katagiri; Dale L. Goad; Beate Lanske; Henry M. Kronenberg In developing murine growth plates, chondrocytes near the articular surface (periarticular chondrocytes) proliferate, differentiate into flat...

... matrix were identified by hybridizations using cDNA probes for types I and II collagen, respectively. Northern blotting revealed that the highest levels of TGF-β mRNA were associated with the growth plates. By in situ hybridization, this mRNA was localized predominantly in the osteoblasts and osteoclasts...