... have proven deeply valuable in shaping our understanding of the regulatory players and processes required to terminate axon outgrowth. Axon development Axon growth Axon outgrowth Axon termination Growth cone National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke R01 NS072129...

.... Neurosci. 9 , 1284 - 1293 . 10.1038/nn1764 Bovolenta , P. and Mason , C. ( 1987 ). Growth cone morphology varies with position in the developing mouse visual pathway from retina to first targets . J. Neurosci. 7 , 1447 - 1460 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-05-01447.1987...

...Snehal S. Mahadik; Erik A. Lundquist ABSTRACT In the polarity/protrusion model of growth cone repulsion from UNC-6/netrin, UNC-6 first polarizes the growth cone of the VD motor neuron axon via the UNC-5 receptor, and then regulates protrusion asymmetrically across the growth cone based...

...Cory J. Weaver; Fabienne E. Poulain ABSTRACT Since the pioneering work of Ramón y Cajal, scientists have sought to unravel the complexities of axon development underlying neural circuit formation. Micrometer-scale axonal growth cones navigate to targets that are often centimeters away. To reach...

...Melissa A. Borgen; Dandan Wang; Brock Grill Axon termination is essential for efficient and accurate nervous system construction. At present, relatively little is known about how growth cone collapse occurs prior to axon termination in vivo . Using the mechanosensory neurons of C. elegans , we...

...Abhishek Sahasrabudhe; Ketakee Ghate; Sampada Mutalik; Ajesh Jacob; Aurnab Ghose Growth cone filopodia are actin-based mechanosensory structures that are essential for chemoreception and the generation of contractile forces necessary for directional motility. However, little is known about...

...Adam D. Norris; Lakshmi Sundararajan; Dyan E. Morgan; Zachary J. Roberts; Erik A. Lundquist UNC-6/Netrin is a conserved axon guidance cue that can mediate both attraction and repulsion. We previously discovered that attractive UNC-40/DCC receptor signaling stimulates growth cone filopodial...

... found in retinal EphA knock-in mice. Nonetheless, it is based on a single constraint of topographic growth cone navigation: the balancing of ephrin-A/EphA forward and reverse signaling. Notably, at concentrations of 30 μg/ml EphA3 versus 16 μg/ml ephrin-A2, topographically appropriate fiber growth...

...Adam D. Norris; Erik A. Lundquist The UNC-6/netrin guidance cue functions in axon guidance in vertebrates and invertebrates, mediating attraction via UNC-40/DCC family receptors and repulsion via by UNC-5 family receptors. The growth cone reads guidance cues and extends lamellipodia and filopodia...

... portion of the pathway, highlighting a novel cell-autonomous mechanism by which Shh can influence growth cone behaviour. Growth cone Morphogen Chiasm Boc Transcriptional regulation The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signalling proteins regulates pattern formation, proliferation...

...Simon W. Moore; James P. Correia; Karen Lai Wing Sun; Madeline Pool; Alyson E. Fournier; Timothy E. Kennedy Molecular cues, such as netrin 1, guide axons by influencing growth cone motility. Rho GTPases are a family of intracellular proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton, substrate adhesion...

.... Chemotropic assays reveal that S1P elicits fast repulsive responses in retinal growth cones. These responses require heparan sulfate, are sensitive to inhibitors of proteasomal degradation, and involve RhoA and LIM kinase activation. Together, the data identify downstream components that mediate S1P-induced...

...Kelly A. Palaisa; Michael Granato One of the earliest guidance decisions for spinal cord motoneurons occurs when pools of motoneurons orient their growth cones towards a common,segmental exit point. In contrast to later events, remarkably little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying...

... -sensitive axonal phenotype characterized by axonal looping in stage-13 embryos. Further analyses of individual, labeled neuroblast lineages revealed abnormally structured growth cones in these animals. Cell-type-specific rescue experiments demonstrate that β-Spectrin is required autonomously and non...

...Mika Sato-Maeda; Hiroshi Tawarayama; Masuo Obinata; John Y. Kuwada; Wataru Shoji In order for axons to reach their proper targets, both spatiotemporal regulation of guidance molecules and stepwise control of growth cone sensitivity to guidance molecules is required. Here, we show that, in zebrafish...

... in guidance at the optic chiasm and the target, while either a different MMP or an ADAM is required for axons to make the turn in the mid-diencephalon. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 18 5 2005 ©2005. 2005 Xenopus laevis MMP2 MMP9 Growth cone Target...

... the opposite leading axon across the midline. These data suggest a simple model where the level of growth cone exposure to midline cues and presence of other axons as a substrate shape the midline kinetics of commissural axons. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 7 2003...

.... In identifying additional molecules regulating this process during embryonic mouse development, we found that transmembrane Semaphorin5A mRNA and protein was specifically expressed in neuroepithelial cells surrounding retinal axons at the optic disc and along the optic nerve. Given that growth cone responses...

... and demonstrate that it is required to stabilize the differentiated structure of the nervous system. In unc-119 mutants, motor neuron commissures are excessively branched in adults. However, live imaging demonstrated that growth cone behavior during extension was fairly normal with the exception that the overall...

... ), pp. 1 – 724 . New York : Springer Verlag . Metcalfe , W. K. ( 1985 ). Sensory neuron growth cones comigrate with posterior lateral line primordial cells in zebrafish . J. Comp. Neurol . 238 , 218 – 224 . 10.1002/cne.902380208 Metcalfe , W. K. , Kimmel , C. B...