... transcriptional repression complex is a crucial regulator of cardiogenesis. References Agarwal , M. , Kumar , P. and Mathew , S. J. ( 2015 ). The Groucho/Transducin-like enhancer of split protein family in animal development . IUBMB Life 67 , 472 - 481 . 10.1002/iub.1395...

... about how stage-specific transcription is activated, less is understood about how inappropriate gene expression is suppressed. Here, we demonstrate that Groucho, the Drosophila orthologue of TLE1 and other related human transcriptional corepressors, regulates normal cell cycle progression in vivo . We...

...) daughters. We have identified two proteins, Six4 and Groucho (Gro), that link the activity of these two pathways to regulate the earliest cell fate decision in the FSC lineage. Our data indicate that Six4 and Gro promote differentiation towards the polar cell fate by promoting Notch pathway activity...

... differentiation of the cap mesenchyme. Furthermore, although both Six2 and Osr1 could form protein interaction complexes with TCF proteins, Osr1, but not Six2, enhances TCF interaction with the Groucho family transcriptional co-repressors. Moreover, we demonstrate that loss of Osr1 results in β-catenin/TCF...

... more than one, with Drosophila Brinker (Brk) recruiting the co-repressors CtBP and Groucho (Gro), in addition to possessing a third repression domain, 3R. Previous studies indicated that Gro is sufficient for Brk to repress targets in the wing, questioning why it should need to recruit CtBP, a short...

... not involve the formation of a secondary midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer, but instead requires direct interaction with Otx2. Using an Otx2-dependent reporter assay we demonstrate that Meis2 competes with the Groucho co-repressor Tle4 (Grg4) for binding to Otx2 and thereby restores Otx2 transcriptional...

... to signaling pathways. The complex phenotypes are explained by Bowl repressing the Wingless pathway, the earliest effect seen. In addition, Bowl sequesters the general co-repressor Groucho from repressor complexes functioning in the Notch pathway and in Hedgehog expression, leading to ectopic activity...

... understood. We have previously shown that the EGFR RTK pathway causes phosphorylation and downregulation of Groucho, a global co-repressor that is widely used by many developmentally important repressors for silencing their various targets. Here, we use specific antibodies that reveal the dynamics of Groucho...

... by recruiting the co-repressor Groucho. However, repression occurs only when Dorsal-binding sites are close to binding sites for other factors that also bind Groucho. The need for additional factors to assist Dorsal in repression may result from the intrinsically weak interaction between Dorsal and Groucho...

... alone was able to provide a weak, partial rescue of the mutant phenotype,while both the Groucho-dependent and -independent repressor domains contributed equally to full rescue of each aspect of the mutant phenotype. Complete rescue was also obtained with a chimeric protein containing the Eve HD...

... programmed within the ventricular layer. groucho En Cell fate Lamination Retinotectal projection Remodeling © 2003. 2003 22 10 2002 † Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) References Aihara, H. and Miyazaki, J. ( 1998 ). Gene...

... the identity of the lateral trunk and dorsal branch cells. No ocelli (Noc) is the Drosophila protein most similar to ElB. Mutations in noc give rise to a similar tracheal phenotype. Noc is capable of associating with ElB, suggesting that they can function as a heterodimer. ElB also associates with the Groucho...

... and Grg5, mouse counterparts of the Drosophila transcriptional co-repressor Groucho, interact with mouse Six3 and its closely related member Six6, which may also be involved in vertebrate eye development. The specificity of the interaction was validated by co-immunoprecipitation of Six3 and Grg4 complexes...

...Yiorgos Apidianakis; Diane Grbavec; Stefano Stifani; Christos Delidakis Groucho (Gro) is the founding member of a family of transcriptional co-repressors that are recruited by a number of different transcription factors. Drosophila has a single gro gene, whose loss of function affects processes...

...-binding site context. A region close to the C-terminal end of the C-terminal domain has homology to a repression motif in Engrailed – the eh1 motif. Deletion analysis indicates that this region mediates transcriptional repression and binding to Groucho, a co-repressor known to be required for Dorsal...

...Robert E. Goldstein; Gerardo Jiménez; Orna Cook; Devorah Gur; Ze’ev Paroush The Groucho corepressor mediates negative transcriptional regulation in association with various DNA-binding proteins in diverse developmental contexts. We have previously implicated Groucho in Drosophila embryonic terminal...

... tailless ( tll ) and huckebein ( hkb ). In this paper, we show that the Groucho (Gro) corepressor acts in this process to confine terminal gap gene expression to the embryonic termini. Embryos lacking maternal gro activity display ectopic tll and hkb transcription; the former leads, in turn, to lack...

...Amy Pflugrad; James Y.-J. Meir; Thomas M. Barnes; David M. Miller ABSTRACT Groucho and Tup1 are members of a conserved family of WD repeat proteins that interact with specific transcription factors to repress target genes. Here we show that mutations in WD domains of the Groucho-like protein, UNC...

... of the neurogenic gene groucho . In groucho mutant discs, hedgehog and engrailed are expressed at the dorsoventral boundary of the anterior compartment, leading to the ectopic activation of decapentaplegic and patched and to a localised increase in cell growth associated with pattern duplications. The presence...