... controls. We thank Dr Aimée Zuniga for providing a BAC construct; Dr Susan Mackem for providing the HoxB6CreER line; Dr Richard Harland for providing the Gremlin null line; and the Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility at the University of Texas at Austin for generating transgenic mice. We...

.... Conversely, Tbx2 loss of function expands the boundary of each component of the pronephric nephron, resulting in an enlarged pronephros. BMP signals induce Tbx2 in the non-nephric mesoderm, which inhibits the expression of the nephric markers Hey1 and Gremlin . Importantly, these pronephric molecules repress...

... of mesodermal-epithelial signals mediated in part by Gremlin (a modulator of the BMP pathway). Our results suggest that SOX9 is necessary and sufficient to specify the pyloric sphincter epithelial properties. Several molecular factors involved during GI tract development have been identified (for reviews, see...

... that the BMP antagonist gremlin ( Grem1 ) is essential to initiate these epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions during limb and metanephric kidney organogenesis. A Grem1 null mutation in the mouse generated by gene targeting causes neonatal lethality because of the lack of kidneys and lung septation...