... results lead to two major conclusions. First, both LBS number and configuration impact cluster activity: LBSs act additively in trans and synergistically in cis . Second, the SYGL-1 gradient promotes self-renewal above its functional threshold and triggers differentiation below the threshold. Our approach...

... kinetics ( Zoller et al., 2018 ). However, bursting frequency associated with individual enhancers has been shown to vary ( Fukaya et al., 2016 ). Whereas the bursting parameters regulated by Bcd and Dl morphogens remain unclear, the BMP morphogen gradient has been shown to control burst frequency...

... polarised along a tissue axis. We propose that these bridges provide a general mechanism by which cells interpret different forms of tissue gradients to coordinate directional information. We illustrate this using a generalised and consistent modelling framework, providing a conceptual basis...

... and cell shape in the Drosophila mesoderm. We found that cells within the ventral domain accumulate different amounts of active apical non-muscle myosin 2 depending on the distance from the ventral midline. This gradient in active myosin depends on a newly quantified gradient in upstream signaling proteins...

...Miquel Sureda-Gómez; José M. Martín-Durán; Teresa Adell The β-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway exerts multiple context-dependent roles in embryonic and adult tissues. In planarians, β-catenin-1 is thought to specify posterior identities through the generation of an anteroposterior gradient. However...

... of Biologists Ltd 2014 Cytoneme plasticity Cytoneme transfer Drosophila Filopodia Morphogen Gradient The number of scholarly reviews on the topic of morphogen signaling published in the past two years exceeds the number of known morphogens; the reader is referred to excellent...

... three syncytial mitoses, followed by cellularisation that forms seven cells belonging to four cell types. The specification of cell fates in the FG has been suggested to depend on positional information provided by an intrinsic auxin concentration gradient. The goal of this study was to develop...

... debate whether the Dpp gradient is required for the uniform cell proliferation observed in the wing imaginal disc. Here, we investigated how the Dpp signaling pathway regulates proliferation during wing development. By systematic manipulation of Dpp signaling we observed that it controls proliferation...

...Patrick Müller; Katherine W. Rogers; Shuizi R. Yu; Michael Brand; Alexander F. Schier The graded distribution of morphogens underlies many of the tissue patterns that form during development. How morphogens disperse from a localized source and how gradients in the target tissue form has been under...

... of asymmetric bridges, made between Stan and Stan plus Fz, that link it with its neighbouring cells. We propose that cells normally use this mechanism to read the local slope of tissue-wide gradients of Fz activity, so that all cells come to point in the same direction. ‡ Author for correspondence ( gs20...

... al., 2005 ). RA signaling appears mutually antagonistic to both FGF and Wnt signaling in the posterior body, and thus the shapes of their opposing gradients are interdependent ( Diez del Corral et al., 2003 ; Moreno and Kintner, 2004 ; Olivera-Martinez and Storey, 2007 ; Sirbu and Duester, 2006...

... in cells producing the TGFα-like ligand Gurken,but not in EGFR-expressing cells. Strikingly, we find that GSLs are not essential for Gurken trafficking and secretion. However, we characterize for the first time the extracellular Gurken gradient and show that GSLs affect its formation by controlling Gurken...

... of XRDH10 and XRALDH2 constitute a`biosynthetic enzyme code' for the establishment of a morphogen gradient in the embryo. Next we analyzed the effects of XRDH10 on pattern formation at post-gastrulation stages ( Fig. 5 ). At stage 12.5, HoxD1 is expressed in the trunk mesoderm and overlying ectoderm...

...Lisa M. Galli; Tiffany L. Barnes; Stephanie S. Secrest; Tatsuhiko Kadowaki; Laura W. Burrus A long-term goal of developmental biology is to understand how morphogens establish gradients that promote proper tissue patterning. A number of reports describe the formation of the Wg (Wnt1) gradient...

... 1997 by Company of Biologists 1997 hedgehog engrailed pattern formation segment polarity gradient compartment Drosophila The epidermis of the embryonic segments and imaginal discs of Drosophila is organized into lineage compartments defined by expression of selector genes...

... by separable gradient and signal relay mechanisms. 14 03 1997 © 1997 by Company of Biologists 1997 Hedgehog Drosophila segmentation smoothened gradient Protein Kinase A The dorsal cuticle formed by each segment of the adult Drosophila abdomen derives from two clusters...

... transmits more of the DPP signal than does SAX. Our results are consistent with a model in which a gradient of DPP reaches all cells in the developing wing blade to direct anterior-posterior pattern. * Present address: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA...

... orthodenticle Drosophila imaginal discs gradient engrailed pattern formation In the process of pattern formation, a developmental field is subdivided into discrete domains. This process has been investigated in greatest detail in studies of early Drosophila embryogenesis. In the syncytial...

...Keith Maggert; Michael Levine; Manfred Frasch ABSTRACT The maternal dorsal regulatory gradient initiates the differentiation of the mesoderm, neuroectoderm and dorsal ectoderm in the early Drosophila embryo. Two primary dorsal target genes, snail ( sna ) and decapentaplegic ( dpp ), define...

... tissue size nor details that would be lost during disaggregation/reaggregation, such as gradient slope or shape, are important for the difference in behaviour of apical and basal regenerates. The formation of tentacles showed a variable relationship to the expression of L96 antigen. During...