... that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: This Review article summarizes the latest findings regarding roles for AGO proteins and their associated small RNAs in the male germline, with a particular focus on spermatogenesis. AGO Germ line Mammalian spermatogenesis miRNA MicroRNA...

...Kathryn Atwell; Zhao Qin; David Gavaghan; Hillel Kugler; E. Jane Albert Hubbard; James M. Osborne The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line is an outstanding model system in which to study the control of cell division and differentiation. Although many of the molecules that regulate germ cell...

... and adults display smaller germ lines and reduced brood size consistent with a role for XND-1 in germ cell proliferation. Maternal XND-1 proteins are found in the P 4 lineage and are exclusively localized to the nucleus in PGCs, Z2 and Z3. Zygotic XND-1 turns on shortly thereafter, at the ∼300-cell stage...

... heterogeneity Germ line Intestine Lineage tracing Tissue homeostasis In multicellular organisms, groups of cells specialize within tissues and organs to perform specific tasks and functions. In the course of adult life, these functional cells can become exhausted and progressively lost...

... for germ cell identity and function. We propose three roles for poised chromatin in the mammalian germ line: prevention of DNA methylation, maintenance of germ cell identity and preparation for totipotency. We discuss these roles in the context of recently proposed models for germline potency...

... of Biologists Ltd 2014 Germ line PGC CNOT6 CCR4 Nanos Pumilio Transcriptomics Sea urchin Author contributions G.M.W. and S.Z.S. conceived the project; S.Z.S., J.P.C. and A.H. developed FACS methods; S.Z.S. and N.O. performed experiments. A.M.R. performed bioinformatics analyses; T.R...

... in the germ line, showing clear oocyte enrichment and a similar subcellular localization in the oocyte. Intensity differences appear to be due to different expression levels, nonspecific staining of the Chc antibody and penetration differences between antibodies. (G) Enlarged views of stage 6, 9 and 10...

...Mamiko Yajima; Gary M. Wessel The process of germ line determination involves many conserved genes, yet is highly variable. Echinoderms are positioned at the base of Deuterostomia and are crucial to understanding these evolutionary transitions, yet the mechanism of germ line specification...

... investigated the role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) at the intersection of nutrition and the establishment of a stem/progenitor cell population using the C. elegans germ line as a model. We find that rsks-1 (which encodes the worm homolog of mammalian p70S6K) is required germline-autonomously for proper...

... propose that C. elegans orthologs of components of the RB tumor suppressor complex have distinct pro-apoptotic functions in the germ line and that the transcriptional regulation of components of the central apoptosis machinery is a critical determinant of constitutive germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans...

... localization at the posterior cortex was greatly diminished. These results indicate that the functions of CYK-4 are temporally and spatially distinct from RGA-3 and RGA-4 (RGA-3/4). RGA-3/4 and CYK-4 also play different roles in controlling LET-502 activation in the germ line, because rga-3/4 (RNAi...

... College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308,USA. 3 1 2007 © 2007. 2007 Notch Stem cell Germ line Drosophila Ovary Niche Adult tissues undergo continuous cell turnover throughout an organism's lifetime. Stem cells...

... and not detectable on the X chromosomes. This association is not dependent on the autosome-enriched protein MES-4. Focusing on possible roles of MRG-1 in regulating gene expression, we determined that MRG-1 is required to maintain repression in the maternal germ line of transgenes on extrachromosomal arrays...

... of MES-4 leads to derepression of X-linked genes in the germ line. We discuss how an autosomally associated HMT may participate in silencing genes on the X chromosome, in coordination with the direct silencing effects of the other MES proteins. † Authors for correspondence (e-mail: lbender...

..., characteristic aetiology. However, if aak-2 activity absolutely depends on compromised insulin-like signalling, mutations that prevent the appropriate downregulation of insulin-like signalling should also mimic the effect of aak-2 mutations on the germ line during dauer development mediated through...

... in the Drosophila ovary. In the absence of Zpg the stem cell daughter destined to differentiate dies. The zpg phenotype is novel, and we used this phenotype to genetically dissect the process of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Our findings suggest that germ line stem cells differentiate upon losing...

...-determination pathway regulate targets such as fog-3 by acting through the zinc-finger protein TRA-1A. This regulatory system appears to be used in both soma and germ line. For hermaphrodite germ cells to adopt male fates, additional genes act in the germ line to modulate the activity of the fem genes...

...Christina Yoon; Koichi Kawakami; Nancy Hopkins ABSTRACT Identification and manipulation of the germ line are important to the study of model organisms. Although zebrafish has recently emerged as a model for vertebrate development, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) in this organism have not been...

...Sun U. Song; M. Kurkulos; Jef D. Boeke; Victor G. Corces ABSTRACT The gypsy retroelement of Drosophila moves at high frequency in the germ line of the progeny of females carrying a mutation in the flamenco ( flam ) gene. This high rate of de novo insertion correlates with elevated accumulation...

... associate with the gut primordium during gastrulation. In contrast, a second distinct RNA polymerase II phosphoepitope is present continuously in both somatic and germ cells. The germ-line-specific factor PIE-1 is required to block mRNA production in the germ lineage of early C. elegans embryos (Seydoux, G...