... that the incidence of hypospadias and other defects of the external genitalia (such as cryptorchidism and chordee) has increased over the past several decades ( Paulozzi et al., 1997 ; Toppari et al., 2010 ; Nordenvall et al., 2014 ). Although most instances of hypospadias are idiopathic ( Van der Zanden et al...

...Sujash S. Chatterjee; Locke D. Uppendahl; Moinuddin A. Chowdhury; Pui-Leng Ip; Mark L. Siegal Regulatory networks driving morphogenesis of animal genitalia must integrate sexual identity and positional information. Although the genetic hierarchy that controls somatic sexual identity in the fly...

...Ashley W. Seifert; Terry Yamaguchi; Martin J. Cohn In mammalian embryos, male and female external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle. Outgrowth of the genital tubercle is maintained by the urethral epithelium, and it has been reported that Fgf8 mediates this activity. To test directly...

...Congxing Lin; Yan Yin; Fanxin Long; Liang Ma External genitalia are body appendages specialized for internal fertilization. Their development can be divided into two phases, an early androgen-independent phase and a late androgen-dependent sexual differentiation phase. In the early phase...

...David Foronda; Beatriz Estrada; Luis de Navas; Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero The genitalia of Drosophila derive from the genital disc and require the activity of the Abdominal-B ( Abd-B ) Hox gene. This gene encodes two different proteins, Abd-B M and Abd-B R. We show here that the embryonic genital...

... in these processes. We carried out a novel screen in Drosophila to identify mutants that specifically affect the looping of left-right asymmetric organs. We report the isolation of spin , a novel mutant in which the looping of the genitalia and spermiduct are incomplete; under-rotation of the genitalia indicates...

...Beatriz Estrada; Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero ABSTRACT In Drosophila , the Hox gene Abdominal-B is required to specify the posterior abdomen and the genitalia. Homologues of Abdominal-B in other species are also needed to determine the posterior part of the body. We have studied the function...

... and the morphogenesis of mammalian genitalia . Genes Dev . 5 , 1767 – 1776 . 10.1101/gad.5.10.1767 Dollé , P. , Izpisùa-Belmonte , J. , Boncinelli , E. and Duboule , D. ( 1991b ). The Hox-4 . 8 gene is localized at the 5’ extremity of the Hox-4 complex and is expressed...