...-tracing strategies have revealed that Gdf5-lineage cells native to and from outside the interzone contribute to most, if not all, of the major joint components. However, there is limited knowledge of the specific transcriptional and signaling programs that regulate interzone formation and fate...

... skeletal muscle and appear to act, at least in part, by inhibiting denervation-dependent induction of Myog and Gdf5 gene expression. Although Dach2 and Hdac9 inhibit Myog and Gdf5 mRNA expression, Myog does not regulate Gdf5 transcription. Thus, Myog and Gdf5 appear to stimulate muscle reinnervation...

... in the embryonic skeleton. * Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] ) 27 4 2008 © 2008. 2008 Chondrogenesis Synovial joints Interzone Gdf5 Chondroitin sulfate Extracellular matrix Mouse embryo Importantly, this genetic loss...

... in the genetic program that regulates chondrogenesis by regulating Sox9 expression in hypoxic prechondrogenic cells. Interestingly, the expression pattern of noggin, a GDF5 antagonist that is known to regulate cartilage and joint formation( Brunet et al., 1998 ), was also altered in Prx1-Hif1 α limb. In E14.5...

..., or by mutation of a HMG box adjacent to the Barx2-binding element, suggesting cooperation between Barx2 and Sox proteins. Moreover, both Barx2 and Sox9 occupy Col2a1 enhancer during chondrogenesis in vivo. We also found that two members of the BMP family that are crucial for chondrogenesis, GDF5 and BMP4...

.... Expansion of BmprIB expression into the limb through acquisition of these distal cis -regulatory sequences appears, therefore, to be an important genetic component driving morphological diversity in distal extremities. GDF5 is a BMP-related signal, which is also required for proper digit formation. Analyses...