... to be evolutionarily conserved in terms of the ability to complement the A. thaliana an-1 mutation. However, the roles of ANs in bryophytes, the life cycle of which includes a dominant haploid gametophyte generation, remain unknown. Here, we have examined the roles of AN homologs in the model bryophyte M. polymorpha...

...: This Primer summarizes the emerging roles of reactive oxygen species and redox-dependent mechanisms in plant growth and development, highlighting interactions with phytohormonal networks. Plants Hydrogen peroxide Redox metabolism Cell cycle Division Meristem Root Gametophyte Senescence...

... germination, guidance, ovule penetration and pollen tube discharge. Arabidopsis Gametophyte Fertilization Chromatin Transposons Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes 10.13039/501100004350 Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...

... four haploid megaspores, three of which degrade. The surviving functional megaspore participates in megagametogenesis, undergoing syncytial mitosis and cellular differentiation to produce a multicellular female gametophyte containing the egg and central cell, progenitors of the embryo and endosperm...

...Venkatesan Sundaresan; Monica Alandete-Saez Plant reproduction involves gamete production by a haploid generation, the gametophyte. For flowering plants, a defining characteristic in the evolution from the ‘naked-seed’ plants, or gymnosperms, is a reduced female gametophyte, comprising just seven...

... and female tissues. In angiosperms, molecular mechanisms have recently been revealed that are crucial for the dialog between male (pollen tube) and female gametophytes required for successful sperm delivery. When pollen tubes reach the female gametophyte, they arrest growth, burst and discharge their sperm...

...Lewis G. Tilney; Todd J. Cooke; Patricia S. Connelly; Mary S. Tilney Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) gametophytes when grown in the dark form a linear file of cells (one-dimensional) called a protonema. In the light two-dimensional growth occurs which results in a heart-shaped prothallus one cell thick...