... interneurons. In the differentiation of V2a and V2b cells, Notch signaling promotes V2b fate at the expense of V2a fate. Later, V2b cells extend axons along the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord and express the inhibitory transmitter GABA. Notch signaling has been reported to inhibit the axonal outgrowth...

... subtype-specific transcription factors ( Fig. 11 A). In contrast to the midbrain GABAergic neurons, Tal1 operates as a selector driving differentiation of D-GABAergic neurons. Without Tal1, postmitotic neuronal precursors in the rV2 mostly fail to activate the gene expression typical for D-GABA...

... in the neocortex and may act as progenitors for adult neurogenesis. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 22 3 2011 © 2011. 2011 GABA Adult neurogenesis Intermediate progenitor...

... ganglionic eminence-derived interneuron populations and defines their relative numbers in the cortex. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 6 2009 © 2009. 2009 Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Interneuron BMP type I receptor Ganglionic eminence GABA...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 10 11 2008 © 2009. 2009 GABA Interneuron Midbrain Neurotransmitter Mouse Neurogenesis Ventral tegmental area (VTA) Serotonin Dorsal raphe Rhombomere 1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major...

... for specifying neuronal fates that only become definable postnatally. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 2 2 2008 © 2008. 2008 Cell fate determination GABA Medial ganglionic eminence Nkx2.1 Parvalbumin Somatostatin Mouse Over the past two...

... -GABA-positive migratory pathway from the subpallium to the olfactory bulb, which is increased in size in cavefish. Finally, we observe heterochrony and enlarged Lhx7 expression in the cavefish basal forebrain. These specific increases in olfactory and hypothalamic forebrain components are Shh-dependent...

... -300. Hokoc, J. N., Ventura, A. L., Gardino, P. F. and De Mello, F. G. ( 1990 ). Developmental immunoreactivity for GABA and GAD in the avian retina: possible alternative pathway for GABA synthesis. Brain Res. 532 , 197 -202. Jean, D., Ewan, K. and Gruss, P. ( 1998 ). Molecular regulators...

.... Four C. elegans neurons known as RMED, RMEV, RMEL and RMER express the neurotransmitter GABA and control head muscle movements. ahr-1 is expressed in RMEL and RMER neurons. Loss of function in ahr-1 causes RMEL and RMER neurons to adopt a RMED/RMEV-like fate, whereas the ectopic expression of ahr-1...

..., whereas BDNF does not alter the expression of GABA and glutamate ionotropic receptors, it does raise the expression of the recently cloned K + /Cl - KCC2 co-transporter, which is responsible for the conversion of GABA responses from depolarizing to inhibitory, through the control of the Cl - potential...

...Thorsten Stühmer; Stewart A. Anderson; Marc Ekker; John L. R. Rubenstein The expression of the Dlx homeobox genes is closely associated with neurons that express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the embryonic rostral forebrain. To test whether the Dlx genes are sufficient to induce some aspects...

... the neocortical subventricular zone and differentiate into the transient subpial granule neurons in the marginal zone and into a stable population of GABA-, parvalbumin- or somatostatin-expressing interneurons throughout the cortical plate. References Anderson, S., Mione, M., Yun, K. and Rubenstein, J. L...

... determined that early in neurogenesis GABA-expressing cells from the MGE tangentially migrate into the cerebral cortex, primarily via the intermediate zone, whereas cells from the LGE do not. Later in neurogenesis, LGE-derived cells also migrate into the cortex, although this migration occurs primarily...

... Boundary Cerebral cortex Striatum Ganglionic eminence GABA Calbindin Calretinin Adenovirus Green fluorescent protein Mouse During the development of the central nervous system, distinct regions must be specified and delineated from one other. Most insights into the mechanisms that underlie...

... and also regulates expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of GABA synthesis in these neurons. Moreover, lim-6 gene activity and GABA signaling regulate neuroendocrine outputs of the nervous system. In the chemosensory system lim-6 regulates the asymmetric expression...

... of enteric neuronal diversity, we examined the expression of serotonin (5-HT), tyrosine hydroxylase and GABA in vitro . In the mature avian intestine, intrinsic neurones contain 5- HT or GABA but not tyrosine hydroxylase. These markers were demonstrated immunocytochemically, singly or simultaneously. All...