.... Eye development Follistatin Pattern formation Pax6 Self-organisation TGFβ Positional cues that govern cell fate decisions in the embryo may arise at multiple organisational levels: cell intrinsically (e.g. asymmetric cell divisions), tissue intrinsically (e.g. reaction-diffusion...

... into type 1 cells (AT1s). BMP signaling is active in AT2s and TASCs, transiently declines post-PNX in association with upregulation of antagonists, and is restored during differentiation of AT2s to AT1s. In organoids, BMP4 inhibits AT2 proliferation, whereas antagonists (follistatin, noggin) promote AT2...

... showed that a locally produced signal, the TGFβ superfamily ligand GDF11, regulates the genesis of olfactory receptor neurons by inhibiting proliferation of the immediate neuronal precursors (INPs) that give rise to them. GDF11 is antagonized by follistatin (FST), which is also produced locally. Here, we...

... of Gdf11 restoring substantial neurogenesis. Notably, we find no evidence for a disruption of Fgf8 expression in Foxg1 -/- OE. However, we do observe both a failure of expression of follistatin ( Fst ), which encodes a secreted Gdf11 antagonist normally expressed in and around OE, and an increase...

..., Peking University,Beijing, China 25 6 2008 © 2008. 2008 Fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) Gut development Tgfβ signaling Epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk Mesenchymal stem cells Follistatin Mouse The mammalian small intestine undergoes dramatic developmental changes...

... by members of the TGFβ superfamily belonging to the BMP, GDF and activin subgroups. We show in particular that FGF8 tightly modulates follistatin expression, thus progressively restraining the inhibitory influence of activin B on RP differentiation. These regulations, together with FGF8 triggered apoptosis...

... for correspondence (e-mail: t.whitfield@sheffield.ac.uk ) 1 2 2006 © 2006. 2006 Lamprey Zebrafish Agnathan Gnathostome Inner ear Otic vesicle Macula follistatin ptc otx Evolution Placode Hair cell Planar polarity pattern The vertebrate inner...

... by a PDZ domain. Because HtrA1 is a secretory protein and has another functional domain with homology to follistatin, we examined whether HtrA1 functions as an antagonist of Tgfβfamily proteins. During embryo development, mouse HtrA1 was expressed in specific areas where signaling by Tgfβ family proteins...

... chondrogenesis while activin β B is expressed coincidently with the formation of the last phalanx of each digit. Exogenous administration of activins A, B or AB into the interdigital regions induces the formation of extra digits. follistatin , a natural antagonist of activins, is expressed, under the control...

... are able to associate and form true islets. Both the inductive effect of the mesenchyme on the proper development of the exocrine tissue and its repressive effect on the development of the endocrine cells are mediated by soluble factors. Follistatin, which is expressed by E12.5 pancreatic mesenchyme, can...

.... In this paper, we have examined whether inter-rhombomere interactions control further aspects of rhombomere phenotype. We find that the expression of Krox-20 and the repression of follistatin in r3 is dependent upon neighbour interaction, whereas these genes are expressed autonomously in r5. We further...

... 06 1995 © 1995 by Company of Biologists 1995 The skeletal and myogenic phenotypes of MRF4 bh1/bh1 mice resemble phenotypes of mutations in two genes involved in cell-cell inductive interactions. Follistatin interacts with activin/inhibin, and modulates its function (reviewed...

... hedgehog is expressed in anterior ectoderm and endodermal structures, and sonic hedgehog is expressed in patterns which parallel those in other species. Injection of RNAs encoding Xenopus hedgehogs induces ectopic cement gland formation in embryos. Similar to reported activities of noggin and follistatin...

..., fully inhibited mature Vg1 activity. To examine the mechanism of inhibition, we have performed receptor-binding assays with radiolabeled Vg1. Finally, follistatin, a specific inhibitor of activin βB which is shown not to block endogenous dorsal mesoderm induction, failed to inhibit Vg1. The results...

... this we have studied activin and follistatin expression during early mouse development. Activins are homo- or heterodimers of the β A or β B subunits of inhibin, itself a heterodimer consisting of one of the β subunits together with an α subunit. Follistatin is a single-chain polypeptide which inhibits...

... of a ventral character. Using this apparatus, it is shown that the protein follistatin, which effectively inhibits activin A and B in vitro , has little or no effect on the natural signal. Likewise, antibodies to basic fibroblast growth factor, which inhibit in vitro , do not inhibit the natural signal...