... the functioning of a multi-level regulatory mechanism involving FGF4/MAPK signalling as a leading player in the communication between both components of the chimaera. This pathway, coupled with apoptosis, the cleavage division pattern and cell cycle duration controlling the size of the embryonic stem cell...

... express Nanog and Gata6 , respectively. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling is involved in segregation of the EPI and PrE lineages; however, the mechanism involved in Fgf4 regulation is poorly understood. Here, we identified Klf5 as an upstream repressor...

... Trophoblast stem cell FGF4 Extra-embryonic ectoderm Chorionic ectoderm Ectoplacental cavity Chorioallantoic placenta Mouse Embryo Epithelium In the mouse, the first cells to differentiate from the fertilised egg are those of the extra-embryonic trophoblast lineage, whose ultimate role...

... ridge in response to FGF4 in both mouse and chick embryos exists throughout the flank as does ability of mesenchyme to provide a polarizing region signal. In addition, neck tissue has weak polarizing activity. We show, in chick embryos, that polarizing activity of tissues correlates with the ability...

... the signals involved in the developmental specification of this early endoderm, we have employed an in vitro assay using germ layer explants and show that adjacent germ layers provide soluble, temporally specific signals that induce organ-specific gene expression in endoderm. Furthermore, we show that FGF4...

... factors in regulating these processes in the avian embryo. We show that Fgf4 is expressed in the notochord anterior to Hensen’s node before transcripts for the earliest molecular marker of midbrain tissue in the avian embryo, En1 , are detected. The presence of notochord is required for the expression...

... throughout the calvarial mesenchyme, the dura mater, the developing bones and the overlying skin, but Fgf4 was not detected in these tissues. Interestingly, Shh and Ptc started to be expressed in patched pattern along the osteogenic fronts at the end of embryonic development and, at this time, the expression...

... target genes Ptc and Gli , and induction of the downstream target genes Bmp2, Fgf4 and Hoxd13 . The expression domains of all these genes extend from their normal posterior domains into the anterior part of the limb bud without being focused on a discrete ectopic site. These observations dissociate...

... induction can be studied in msd homozygous stem cells. The correct distribution of early Fgf4, Fgf5, Fgfr - 1 and Fgfr2 transcripts in msd embryos provides evidence for their independence from msd at that time. In contrast, later in development, these genes are incorrectly expressed...