...Marta Perera; Joshua M. Brickman ABSTRACT Fibroblast Growth Factor signalling via ERK exerts diverse roles in development and disease. In mammalian preimplantation embryos and naïve pluripotent stem cells ERK promotes differentiation, whereas in primed pluripotent states closer to somatic...

... this transition, transcription factors and chromatin are rewired to encode new functional features. Here, we examine the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signalling in pluripotent state transition. We show that a primary consequence of ERK activation in mouse embryonic stem cells is elimination...

... interrupts vulval induction and is associated with a reprogramming-like event that preserves the multipotency of vulval precursor cells (VPCs), allowing vulval development to reinitiate if conditions improve. Vulval induction requires the LIN-3/EGF-like signal from the gonad, which activates EGFR-Ras-ERK...

... or differentiation. This property depends on ERK, which downregulates pluripotency genes such as Nanog . Here, we aimed at identifying repressive histone modifications that would mark Nanog for inactivation in response to ERK activity. We found that the transcription factor ZFP57, which binds methylated DNA...

...Akinobu Nakamura; Yuhei Goto; Yohei Kondo; Kazuhiro Aoki ABSTRACT The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway governs cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and therefore plays key roles in various developmental and regenerative processes. Recent advances in genetically...

...Julia Deathridge; Vlatka Antolović; Maddy Parsons; Jonathan R. Chubb; Allon Klein; Barbara Treutlein ABSTRACT Stimulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway is required for the exit from pluripotency and onset of differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The dynamic behaviour of ERK activity...

... that regulates organismal growth and metabolism, in articular chondrocyte progenitor cells upregulated Erk signaling and increased articular cartilage thickness. Overexpression of a constitutively active Kras mimicked Lin28a overexpression, and inhibition of Erk signaling during embryonic stages normalized...

... specification of all germ layers by blocking signalling from the Nodal receptor and by interfering with the ERK pathway. Strikingly, while expression of a mutant p38 that is resistant to SB203580 did not rescue dorsal-ventral axis formation or skeletogenesis in embryos treated with this inhibitor, expression...

... differentiation requires dynamic interactions with somatic escort cells. This involves a complex meshwork of escort cell protrusions and is regulated by multiple signalling pathways. Germline stem cells Escort cells Drosophila Stat Erk Rho Cdc42 Protrusion Balancing stem cell maintenance...

... these function in developmental contexts during vascular morphogenesis. To address this issue, we have visualized activation of presumptive Vegfa effectors at single-cell resolution in zebrafish blood vessels. From these studies, we find that phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase ERK (pERK...

... to drive mouse mesodermal stem cells towards the tendon lineage ex vivo and in vitro . TGF-β was also sufficient for tendon gene expression in late limb explants during tendon differentiation. FGF does not have a tenogenic effect and the inhibition of the ERK MAPK signalling pathway was sufficient...

..., and alterations in this process can lead to developmental disorders. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) signaling pathway is one of the most intensively studied signaling mechanisms that regulates both proliferation and differentiation. How a single molecule (e.g. ERK) can regulate two opposing...

...Dinesh Upadhya; Masato Ogata; Lixing W. Reneker The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; also known as ERKs) are key intracellular signaling molecules that are ubiquitously expressed in tissues and were assumed to be functionally equivalent. Here, we use the mouse lens as a model system...

... to be a downstream target of Alk5 in vivo and in vitro. Loss of Alk5 -mediated signaling also stimulated Pten gene expression and inhibited ERK phosphorylation in vivo. Using lung epithelial cells, we show that Alk5 -regulated Hes1 expression is stimulated through Pten and the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Thus...

...Jennifer Nichols; Jose Silva; Mila Roode; Austin Smith Embryonic stem (ES) cells can be derived and propagated from multiple strains of mouse and rat through application of small-molecule inhibitors of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/Erk pathway and of glycogen synthase kinase 3...

... Informatics). Finally, we show that genetic ablation of Ndst1, Fgfr2 or Shp2 disrupts ERK signaling in lacrimal gland budding. Given the evolutionarily conserved roles of these genes, the localized activation of the Ndst-Fgfr-Shp2 genetic cascade is probably a general regulatory mechanism of FGF signaling...

... the anteroposterior axis, involving restricted ERK1/2 activation,was found to promote row I fates and repress row II fates. Our results reveal how the sequential integration of three signalling pathways - Nodal,Delta2/Notch and FGF/MEK/ERK - defines eight different sub-domains that characterise the ascidian caudal...

... of the underlying mechanisms have been elucidated. Here,we have uncovered a novel mechanism controlling an asymmetric cell division in the ascidian embryo. This division produces one notochord and one neural precursor. Differential activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase(ERK) between the sibling cells...

... of phospho-Erk and ERM were also downregulated in Ndst1 -mutant lenses. Taken together, these results establish an important role of Ndst1 function in FGF signaling during lens development. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 4 10 2006 © 2006. 2006 Ndst HSPG BMP...

... other. nlk overexpression, like ectopic activation of Notch signalling, provoked massive formation of mesoderm and associated epithelial mesenchymal transition. NLK function was found to be redundant with that of the MAP kinase ERK during mesoderm formation and to require the activity of the activating...