... of heterogeneity in cell growth rate and direction. Arabidopsis thaliana Sepal Spatiotemporal averaging FTSH4 Endoreduplication LGO Morphogenesis Giant cells National Institute of General Medical Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000057 R01GM134037 National Institutes...

...Yohei Katagiri; Junko Hasegawa; Ushio Fujikura; Rina Hoshino; Sachihiro Matsunaga; Hirokazu Tsukaya Growth and developmental processes are occasionally accompanied by multiple rounds of DNA replication, known as endoreduplication. Coordination between endoreduplication and cell size regulation...

... orthologous to Arabidopsis ROOT HAIRLESS 1/HYPOCOTYL 7, a component of the plant DNA topoisomerase VI that is involved in the control of endoreduplication. Nodule phenotype of the vag1 mutant shows that VAG1 is required for the ploidy-dependent cell growth of rhizobial-infected cells. Furthermore, VAG1...

... replication (endoreplication) as part of normal development and differentiation. For example, trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) in the placenta become polyploid through endoreduplication (bypassed mitosis), and megakaryocytes (MKCs) in the bone marrow become polyploid through endomitosis (abortive mitosis...

... is established upstream of cell cycle regulation. Conversely, endoreduplication represses small cell identity. These results show not only that cell type affects cell cycle regulation, but also that changes in the cell cycle can regulate cell type. * Present address: Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular...

... of the genome in the absence of mitosis. In tomato, very high ploidy levels (up to 256C) are reached during fruit development, concomitant with very large cell sizes. Using cellular approaches (fluorescence and electron microscopy) we provide a structural analysis of endoreduplicated nuclei at the level...

...Remmy Kasili; Cho-Chun Huang; Jason D. Walker; L. Alice Simmons; Jing Zhou; Chris Faulk; Martin Hülskamp; John C. Larkin Endoreplication, also called endoreduplication, is a modified cell cycle in which DNA is repeatedly replicated without subsequent cell division. Endoreplication is often...

... and organization. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * Present address: ZMBP-Developmental Genetics, Universität Tübingen, Germany 3 3 2009 © 2009. 2009 Arabidopsis Cell cycle Endoreduplication Ubiquitin Vasculature...

... analyses indicate that CPL3 is specifically expressed in leaf epidermal cells, including stomate guard cells. Notably, the CPL3 gene has pleiotropic effects on flowering development, epidermal cell size and trichome branching through the regulation of endoreduplication. Fig. 7. Loss of CPL3...

... show an additive genetic interaction,demonstrating that CAF-1 acts genetically parallel to the GLABRA3 -containing, endoreduplication-coupled trichome branching pathway. However, CAF-1 is often needed to restrict endoreduplication, because seedlings of most CAF-1 mutants have increased ploidy. Notably...

...-oncogene Nurse cells Follicle Egg chamber Gene amplification Dacapo Cyclin E Polyploidization Endoreduplication Since the identification of v-myc as the transforming gene of the avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene 20 years ago( Colby et al., 1983 ), the Myc family of nuclear proteins...

... gl3 mutant, called gl3-sst ,has oddly shaped trichomes that over expand during early development, undergo more endoreduplication and that have a striking nuclear morphology. The mutant nuclei consist of many interconnected lobes; however, only a single set of polytene-like chromosomes reside...

..., differentiation and apoptosis. The vertebrate Myb genes have been specifically implicated in regulating the G 1 /S transition of the cell cycle. Dm myb is expressed in all proliferating tissues, but not at detectable levels in endoreduplicating cells. Analysis of loss-of-function mutations in Dm myb revealed...

... much greater than 2C. This phenomenon is known as endoreduplication. Individual nuclei of sim trichomes have a reduced level of endoreduplication relative to WT trichome nuclei. Endoreduplication is also reduced in dark-grown sim hypocotyls relative to WT, but not in light-grown hypocotyls. Double...

... gene products will decline, eventually falling below a threshold required for S phase. Consequently, re-entry into S phase from a prolonged G 1 would require activation of the full coordinate program of gene expression. Drosophila G 1 -S phase cell cycle, transcription endoreduplication...