... swellings of extracellular matrix known as the endocardial cushions,the endothelial lining of the heart undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form the mesenchymal progenitors of the AV valves. Further growth and differentiation of these mesenchymal precursors results in the formation...

..., Alk3 CKO embryos displayed multiple abnormalities in vascular development, including vessel remodeling and maturation, which contributed to severe abdominal hemorrhage. Alk3 CKO embryos also displayed defects in atrioventricular canal (AVC) endocardial cushion formation in the heart. Collectively, our...

...) overabundant endocardial cushions accompanied by ventricular septal defects, outflow tract abnormalities and atrio-ventricular (AV) valve dysplasia and (4) aberrant development of the compact myocardium. The dramatic enlargement of the endocardial cushions in the absence of Hhex is due to decreased apoptosis...

... and proliferation. ‡ Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work † These laboratories contributed equally to this work 27 5 2004 © 2004. 2004 Foxp1 Endocardial cushion...

..., T., Hokari, S. and Nakamura, H. ( 2000 ). Mechanisms involved in valvuloseptal endocardial cushion formation in early cardiogenesis: roles of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β and bone morphogenetic proteins. Anat. Rec. 258 , 119 -127. Nohno, T., Ishikawa, T., Saito, T., Hosokawa, K., Noji, S...