... from extra-embryonic mesodermal cells that underlie the visceral endoderm. Our previous studies have shown that Indian hedgehog ( Ihh ) is expressed in the visceral endoderm both in the visceral yolk sac in vivo and in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryoid bodies. Differentiating embryoid bodies...

... on an abnormal basal membrane. Homozygous mutant blastocyst outgrowths or differentiated embryonic stem cells do not express early or late visceral endoderm markers. In addition, in vHnf1 null embryoid bodies there is no activation of the transcription factors HNF-4α1, HNF1α and HNF-3γ. Aggregation of vHnf1...

... in vitro as embryoid bodies. In most instances, mRNA levels in parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryoid bodies differed from wild type as expected from previously determined patterns of monoallelic expression in midgestation embryos and at later stages of development. These findings implicate aberrant...

...-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Visceral endoderm from F9 embryoid bodies can transdifferentiate into parietal endoderm under the appropriate culture conditions. We have examined at the protein and mRNA levels the type of plasminogen activator expressed in whole embryoid bodies, visceral endoderm...