..., the two variables were not significantly linked ( Fig. 3 D). We then electroporated the dorsal portion of newly formed somites in the interlimb region as previously described ( Gros et al., 2005 ). This leads to the specific labeling of the population of resident progenitors in the central...

... interference (RNAi), was performed in pre-migratory FNC cells. Soon after electroporation of RNAi molecules, Smad1 inactivation abolished the expression of Foxg1 in the chick telencephalon, resulting in dramatic microcephaly and partial holoprosencephaly. In addition, the depletion of Foxg1 activity altered...

... by default red fluorescence in non-Cre expressing cells. This initial shortcoming was recently amended ( Cai et al., 2013 ) but still the use of Brainbow methods in clonal lineage analysis is extremely limited owing to the paucity of Cre-expressing chick and zebrafish lines. Electroporable constructs cannot...

... boundaries with the adjacent neuroepithelium. Through a combination of in ovo transplantation, co-culture and electroporation techniques in chick embryos between embryonic days 3 and 6, we demonstrate that organiser properties are maintained by interactions between the non-neural roof plate and the neural...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 18 5 2009 © 2009. 2009 Eye Retina Pigmented epithelium Electroporation Sox genes Chick embryo The retina originates from a bilateral evagination of the forebrain, called the optic vesicle (OV). As the overlying...

... resolves to otic, lens and olfactory placodes. Ectopic expression of Spalt4 by electroporation is sufficient to induce invagination of non-placodal head ectoderm and prevent neurogenic placodes from contributing to cranial ganglia. Conversely, loss of S palt4 function in the otic placode results...

... hybridization analysis shows that at least four classic cadherins, cadherin 6 (Cad6), cadherin 8 (Cad8), cadherin11 (Cad11) and N-cadherin (Ncad), are expressed in the migratory streams of lateral reticular nucleus and external cuneate nucleus (LRN/ECN) neurons. Functional analysis performed by electroporation...

... occupy progressively upper layers. The underlying molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis, however, are relatively unknown. In this study, we devised a system where the Notch pathway was activated spatiotemporally in the cortex by in vivo electroporation and Cre -mediated DNA recombination. Electroporation...

... ). This suggests that Notch activity has some additional role at early stages. In the present study, we have tested the effects of overactivating the Notch pathway in the embryonic chick inner ear, by using in-ovo electroporation of plasmid DNA to force transient expression of an activated form of Notch. We...

... to investigate the effect of electroporation of the mouse Myf5 and MyoD genes in the embryonic neural tube. We found that misexpression of either mouse Myf5 or MyoD in the chick neural tube leads to ectopic skeletal muscle differentiation, assayed by the expression of the myosin heavy chains in the neural tube...

... of the telencephalon. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 5 11 2003 © 2004. 2004 Pax6 Olfactory bulb Cell migration Telencephalon Whole embryo culture Brain organ culture Electroporation Rats The olfactory bulbs (OBs) are structures that protrude...

... gradients are involved in establishing borders of gene expression domains in different regions of the nervous system. ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 9 4 2003 © 2003. 2003 Spinal cord Cerebral cortex Transcriptional enhancer Chick Electroporation...

... branching Axon guidance Axon repellents Chick visual system Electroporation Optic tectum Eph receptors Gradients Recombinant retrovirus Topographic maps Topographic maps are a fundamental organizational feature of most axonal connections in the brain. The dominant model system for studying...

... is where Wnt signaling is supposedly activated, expressed a set of molecular markers that are characteristic of the progenitor cells in the ciliary marginal zone. Overexpression of Wnt2b by use of in ovo electroporation in the central retina inhibited neuronal differentiation and induced the progenitor...

... treatments at these stages. We demonstrated by in ovo electroporation of a dominant negative retinoid receptor construct( dnRAR ) that retinoid signaling is required to initiate expression. Elevating CDX activity by ectopic expression of an activated form of a Xenopus Cdx gene ( XcadVP16 ) in the hindbrain...

... Facial skeleton Hox Electroporation Chimera Chick Quail Cell lineage studies carried out in the avian embryo have established the triple origin of the cells from which the head skeleton is built ( Couly et al., 1993 ; Le Douarin and Kalcheim, 1999 ). The posterior part of the skull...

... of the phenotype of GABAergic neurons, we adapted the electroporation method to ectopically express DLX proteins in slice cultures of the mouse embryonic cerebral cortex. This approach showed that ectopic expression of Dlx2 and Dlx5 induced the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs), the enzymes...

... with exogenous cadherin-6 were generated to straddle the cortico-straital boundary by electroporation at embryonic day 11.0, ectopic cadherin-6-expressing cortical cells were sorted into the striatal compartment, and the reverse was the trend for ectopic R-cadherin-expressing striatal cells. Although cadherin-6...